English Questions – Vocabulary Set
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Challenging Words of the Day..
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*14/02/2018
1)Fester ( उपेक्षा की वजह से समस्या का बढ़ जाना): Fes-tur
Meaning - (of a problem) become worse or more intense, especially through long-term neglect or indifference.
Synonyms - rankle, chafe, gnaw, ferment, brew, smouldr
Antonyms - heal,ease,lessen
Example -Your anger will fester if you do not share what you really want.
2)Substantial ( ठोस,सारभूत): subs-tan-scial
Meaning - of considerable importance, size, or worth/ referring to something that is greater or larger than normal/
Synonyms - considerable, solid, sizeable, major, valuable, worthwhile
Antonyms - insubstantial, worthless
Example - After winning the lottery, the family won a substantial amount of money in which they didn’t know how to spend it all.
3)Sore ( पीड़ादायक): sowr
Meaning - (of a part of one's body) painful or aching/upset and angry.
Synonyms - irritating, agonizing, vexed, displeasing
Antonyms - healthy,fine,happy
Example - Several rounds of basketball left the players legs sore and aching.
4)Anticipate ( पूर्वानुमान): anty-si-pate
Meaning - ready for something to occur
Synonyms - expect, foresee, predict
Antonyms - dread,unpredictable
Example - If we follow the timeline, we anticipatewe should have the project completed before August 12.
5)Undertake ( दायित्व लेना): under-take
Meaning - to commit oneself to an obligation
Synonyms - tackle, take on, accept, shoulder, handle, manage,
Antonyms - neglect, forgo
Example - Without anyone to undertake the running of the operations, the sick business owner was forced to close the doors.
6)Tempting( मोहक): tem-pt-ing
Meaning - appealing to or attracting someone, even if wrong or unwise.
Synonyms - enticing, alluring, attractive, appealing, inviting, captivating
Antonyms - off-putting, uninviting, unappetizing, undesirable, unattractive
Example -The company offered the meritorious student a tempting financial offer in his second year of college.
7)Mammoth ( विशाल): mai-math
Meaning - huge, very large
Synonyms - enormous, gigantic, giant, colossal, massive, vast
Antonyms - tiny, small, minute
Example - Jeff works for a mammoth-sized corporation that hires lakhs of employees all over the world.
*Idiom/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Under the Carpet (Idiom) (सबकी जानकारी से छुपाना):
Meaning - To ignore, deny, or conceal from public view or knowledge something that is embarrassing, unappealing, or damaging to one's reputation.
Synonyms -conceal,hide,suppress
Antonyms -reveal,expose,show,disclose,confess
Example - You need to stop sweeping your problems under the carpet. Nothing will get resolved like that!
8)Go by (Phrasal Verb)(के अनुसार चलना):
Meaning - to base an opinion on something/to use something as a basis for a judgment or action/to accept what someone or something says when you are deciding what to do or think
Synonyms - follow,adopt,observe
Antonyms -ignore,neglect
Example - If they prove that I was wrong, then I'llgo by what they say.
8)Beyond the horizon (Idiom) (अनुमानित की जा सकने की संभावित सीमा से आगे):
Meaning -Farther than the possible limit of sight; beyond what one is able to foresee, know, or anticipate
Synonyms -distant,far-flung,far-off,dreamy
Antonyms -close,near
Example - My mind wandered out beyond the horizon, trying topicture what my life would look like 10 years from now.
**Challenging Words in the Article - * 13/02/2018
1)Allure( आकर्षित करना,फुसलाना, बहलाना ): uh-loor
Meaning - the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating (Noun) /powerfully attract or charm (Verb)
Synonyms - attract, lure, entice, tempt,captivate
Antonyms - revolt, disgust, repulse, sicken, repulse
Example - Because I love the allure of the ocean waters, I enjoy spending time at the beach.
2)Patronage (noun) (संरक्षण,सहायता): patro-naj
Meaning - support or sponsorship/ support given by a patron/the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Synonyms - sponsorship, backing, funding, financing, philanthropy, promotion
Antonyms - blockage, hindrance,discouragement,disapproval
Example - Since patronage of the food kitchen has decreased, we have had to reduce the number of meals we serve the homeless each day.
3)Spur(verb) (प्रेरणा): es-pur
Meaning - to motivate an individual or group into action/a thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive.
Synonyms - stimulus, incentive, encouragement, stimulant
Antonyms - disincentive, discouragement
Example -When the recruiter spoke to the students, he hoped his talk would spur some of the young people into entering the military.
4)Crackdown (noun) (कार्रवाई): krack-daun
Meaning - a series of severe measures to restrict undesirable or illegal people or behaviour.
Synonyms - clampdown, getting tough, repression, suppression, abolition, elimination, eradication, end
Antonyms - abet, aid, assist, back, help, prop up, support
Example - The police began a crackdown on illegal parking.
5)Derivative (noun) (यौगिक): deri-vay-tive
Meaning - an object or idea that is produced from something else
Synonyms - secondary, secondhand,unoriginal,consequent, resultant
Antonyms - fundamental, nonderivative, first, primary,basic
Example - Shahid and Mira named their child Misha as it is a derivative of both of the names.
6)Bourses (noun) (शेयर बाजार): burse
Meaning - a stock market in a non-English-speaking country, especially France/the Paris stock exchange.
Example - The top 40 companies on the Paris bourse have been pulling in record profits.
7)Offshore(adjective) (समुद्र में तट से दूर): off-sore
Meaning - located some distance from the shore/made, situated, or registered abroad,
Synonyms - seaward, asea
Antonyms - onshore
Example - Rich people often use offshore banks in an effort to avoid paying taxes.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
8)Knee-Jerk Response (idiom/adjective) (कारण या तथ्यों की जांच के बिना तत्काल प्रतिक्रिया): nee-jurk-res-ponse
Meaning -automatic and unthinking reaction/ an immediate reaction made without examining cause or facts.
Synonyms -immediate,spontaneous,instinctive, instinctual
Antonyms - calculated, conscious, aforethought, careful, forethoughtful, measured, reasoned, thoughtful
Example - In a knee-jerk reaction after the big defeat, the coach dropped many of the players and fielded a new look team for the next match.
9)Take-off (adjective) (उड़ना,सफल हो जाना): take-off
Meaning - (of an enterprise or a plan) become successful or popular.
Synonyms - succeed, catch on, progress, prosper, flourish, thrive, boom, turn out well, work (out)
Antonyms - fail, flop
Example -The newly launched electronic newspaper has really taken off.
10)Rein-in (phrasal verb) (रोकना): rein-in
Meaning - to limit or control (someone or something)
Synonyms -control, curb, halt, prevent
Antonyms -allow, assist, continue
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*12/02/2018
1)Murky (adjective) (संदिग्ध ): Mur-key
Meaning - obscure or morally questionable/dark and gloomy
Synonyms - questionable, suspicious, suspect, dubious, dark, mysterious, secret
Antonyms- innocent,clear,blameless,unimpeachable
Example -The man gave a murky explanation when he was asked about the sad boy with him in the train.
2)Rapacious (adjective)(लालची): rapay-si-us
Meaning - aggressively greedy
Synonyms - greedy, avaricious, acquisitive, covetous, mercenary, materialistic
Antonyms - generous, liberal, lavish, magnanimous
Example - Because of its rapacious appetite, the shark is often considered to be more of an eating machine than a living creature.
3)Abeyance (noun) (दुविधा): abey-ance
Meaning - a state of temporary disuse or suspension
Synonyms - suspension, uncertainty, dormancy, latency
Antonyms - in hand, under way, continuing, continue, resume
Example - Trading on the stock market has temporarily been put in abeyance while the trade commission investigates financial misdeeds.
4)Fouled (adjected)(अशुद्ध करना): fol-d
Meaning - make dirty or pollute something
Synonyms - taint, dirty, stain, blacken
Antonyms - sanitize, clean
Example -The factories which fouled the atmosphere must be banned.
5)Contaminate (adjective)(दूषित करना): contam-inate
Meaning - to make something dirty, dangerous or less pure
Synonyms -befoul, defile, foul, poison, pollute,
Antonyms - decontaminate, purify, cleanse, distil, disinfect
Example -A boil order would be put into effect because an unknown substance had begun tocontaminate the local water.
6)Unveil (verb)(खोलना): un-vil
Meaning - to reveal or show something
Synonyms - disclose, divulge, expose, let on (about), spill, tell,bare
Antonyms - camouflage, disguise
Example - During the meeting, the CEO will unveilhis plans for the future of the company.
7)Inexplicable (adverb)(बेवजह): in-expli-cable-e
Meaning - incapable of being explained or interpreted/impossible to explain
Synonyms - unaccountable, unexplainable ,absurd
Antonyms- logical, rational, reasonable, tenable, understandable
Example - Because the weather was clear and sunny a few moments ago, the sudden thunderstorm is inexplicable.
8)Pre-empt (verb) (अग्रिम में कार्य करना): pre-empt
Meaning - take action in order to prevent (an anticipated event) happening/acquire or appropriate (something) in advance.
Synonyms - forestall, advance act, occupy, seize, arrogate
Antonyms - delay
Example -Many tables in the restaurant were already pre-empted by family parties.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
9)lay down (phrasal verb) – ( निर्धारित करना) : lay-daun
Meaning - to state officially what someone must do or how they must do it/to put into effect through legislative or authoritative action
Synonyms - constitute, formulate, enact, legislate, prescribe,make, ordain, pass
Antonyms - abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, invalidate, repeal, nullify
Example -The European Union (EU) has laid downtough standards for water quality in member countries.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
11/02/2018
1)Ominous (adjective) ( अमंगल): Omin-as
Meaning - suggesting that something bad is going to happen in the future
Synonyms-: threatening, menacing, forbidding.
Antonyms - auspicious, bright, favourable
Example - A friendly outing took an ominous turn when the driver realized the bus brakes were no longer working.
2)Ferment (noun) ( विक्षोभ): Fer-ment
Meaning - to produce excitement or unrest
Synonyms-: intensify/become worse (of a problem because of long-negligence).
Antonyms - quiet, ease, dampen
Example - The union leader hopes to fermentdissatisfaction amid the workers to force management to increase salaries.
3)Aberration (noun) – ( विपथन, पथभ्रष्टता, गुमराह ): Ab-er-ashun
Meaning - deviating from what is normal or desirable, not typical
Synonyms-: anomaly, deviation/departure/divergence, mistake.
Antonyms - regularity, normality, soundness , sameness
Example - In a moment of aberration, she agreed to marry him even there was no reason to like him.
4) Inexorably (adverb) ( अनवरत रूप से): In-exor-abl-e
Meaning -in a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.
Synonyms-: unstoppable, obvious
Antonyms - avoidably, gently,unnecessarily
Example - The conflict was to lead inexorably in election keeping in mind the tough situation between the two parties.
5)Dissension (noun) ( कलह): Dis-enshun
Meaning - a disagreement that leads to arguing and discord
Synonyms-: disagreement, dispute.
Antonyms - agreement, concurrence, harmony
Example - Religion caused so much dissension in the family that the controversial topic was banned from the dinner table.
6)Turmoil (noun)( उथल-पुथल): Tur-mawl
Meaning - a state of confusion or disorder
Synonyms-: confusion, disorder, agitation/disruption.
Antonyms - calm, peace
Example - The mayor was not reelected to his office because of his inability to bring the city out of financial turmoil.
7)Posterity (noun) ( भावी पीढ़ी): Pos-ter-ity
Meaning - all future generations
Synonyms-: future generations; descendants, successors.
Antonyms - Past, present
Example - Even if you do not care about posterity, you should not cause pollution if you at least care about yourself.
8)Echelon () ( विभाग): Ech-lon
Meaning - a rank or position in society or in an organization
Synonyms-: level, rank, grade (in an organization).
Example - Because Satya is at the highestechelon of his company, he receives a huge salary.
9)Convene (verb) ( इकट्ठा करना): Con-vene
Meaning - to gather for a reason
Synonyms-: assemble, gather, meet.
Antonyms - disperse, divide, scatter
Example - Tomorrow morning, the teachers willconvene in the cafeteria to discuss the dress code.
10)Delineate (verb) ( चित्रित करना): Deli-ni-ate
Meaning - to clearly describe or portray something
Synonyms-: describe, define, outline.
Antonyms - confuse, distort
Example - Computer programs which candelineate faces are very helpful to law enforcement agencies
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu* 10/02/2018
1)Hitherto (adverb)(अब तक): Hether-to
Meaning - until now or until the point in time under discussion.
Synonyms - previously, formerly, earlier, so far, thus far, before
Antonyms - afterwards, later, subsequently hereupon, thereupon
Example - Before John learned to fly an aeroplane, he had hitherto been afraid of heights.
2)Dovish (adverb)(शांतिपूर्ण): do-vis
Meaning - supporting discussion or other peaceful solutions in political relationships rather than the use of force
Synonyms - peaceful, diplomatic, accommodating.
Antonyms -agitated, turbulent, disturbed
Example - Since becoming president in 1993 he has encouraged dovish leaders to move on the path to peace.
3)Incipient (adjective) (उत्पन्न होनेवाला) : in-sip-ent
Meaning - just beginning to appear or develop
Synonyms - initial, developing, growing.
Antonyms -conclusion,end,finish
Example - The best way to stop the disease from spreading is by identifying it while it is incipient.
4)Exemplify (verb) (उदाहरण देना) : exem-pli-fie
Meaning - to show or illustrate by example
Synonyms - illustrate, demonstrate, instance.
Antonyms - becloud, blur, cloud, darken, fog
Example - The citizenship trophies are presented to exemplify the best examples of good citizenship among the student body.
5)Stand pat (noun) (अटल होना) : stand-pat
Meaning - stick stubbornly to one's opinion or decision.
Synonyms - holdout, resist, stay put, rigid, unyielding
Antonyms -facile,flexible,pliable
Example -Head coach Tom Higgins is standing pat on his team and will go with the same 40 men he used last week.
6)Upshot (noun) – (परिणाम) : up-shot
Meaning -the final or eventual outcome or conclusion of a discussion, action, or series of events.
Synonyms - result, consequence, outcome, out-turn, effect, reaction
Antonyms - cause, origin, initial
Example - The upshot of the meeting was that he was elected chief economic officer of the company.
7)Hover (verb) (मंडराना) : ho-var
Meaning - to remain near a place or individual
Synonyms - drift, flicker, waver, poise, linger
Antonyms -settle,rest
Example - Because I was sick a lot when I was a child, my mother would always hover over me.
8)Loom (adjective) (असन्तुष्ट) : loom-ing
Meaning - (of an event regarded as threatening) seem about to happen/appearing as a visible thread
Synonyms - threaten,menace,impend,emerge
Antonyms -defend,assist,protect
Example -There is a financial crisis looming in China.
9)Vigilance (noun) (जागरूकता) : vigi-lance
Meaning - the state of keeping a careful watch for danger
Synonyms - watchfulness, careful observation, surveillance, attentiveness, attention, alertness
Antonyms - inattentiveness,ignore,neglect
Example - Lack of vigilance caused the Titanic to crash into an iceberg that no one saw coming.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
10)Keep something/someone in check (phrase) (नियंत्रित करना) :
Meaning -to control someone or something that might cause damage or harm to keep under control; curb/restrain, hold back.
Synonyms - curb,restrain,hold back,check
Antonyms - release,encourage
Example - You know, bats are actually good to have around because they keep the mosquitos in check.
11)In something’s/someone's shadow (phrase) (कम ध्यान प्राप्त करना) :
Meaning -Given less attention or thought of as less notable, important, or successful compared to someone else.
Example - He's been struggling to get out from under his father's shadow during his political career.
12)Head off (phrasal verb) (रोकना) : head-of
Meaning - to prevent something from taking place
Synonyms - avoid, put an end to, stop, divert
Antonyms -allow, permit, promote
Example - The police acted quickly and managed to head off a violent confrontation.
13)Lay out (phrasal verb) (रूपरेखा) : lay-aaut
Meaning -to arrange something according to a detailed plan/to spread something out, or to arrange things so you can see them easily
Synonyms - outline, draw up, formulate.
Antonyms - disorganize
Example - They had already laid out a substantial sum for the weddings
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Succour (noun) (परेशानी में सहायता) : su-kur
Meaning -assistance and support in times of hardship and distress.
Synonyms - aid, help, support,relief.
Antonyms -hindrance,blockage,hurt
Example - The Red Cross is dedicated to providing succor and support to families who have been displaced by natural disasters.
2)Steeply (adjective) (तेजी से) : es-teep-li
Meaning -by a very large or sudden amount.
Synonyms - sharply, suddenly, largely.
Antonyms - gentle, gradual, moderate, soft
Example - Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.
3)Cohort (noun) (जत्था) : co-hort
Meaning -a group of people with a shared characteristic.
Synonyms - group, associate, companion
Antonyms - Individual
Example - Tests were carried out by teachers on the entire cohort of eight to nine-year-old student in at primary school.
4)Starkly (adverb)(अप्रिय, बेस्वाद) : stark-li
Meaning -in a way that is severe or harsh in appearance or outline/in an unpleasantly or sharply clear way.
Synonyms - blunt, bald, bare, simple, straightforward
Antonyms - :fuzzy, indistinct, pleasant, comfortable, ornate
Example - Their apartment is starkly furnished; all they have is a table and a couple of chairs, and a mattress on the floor to sleep on.
5) Threshold (noun) (शुरूआत,दहलीज़) : thre-sh-hold
Meaning -a level, rate, or amount at which something comes into effect.
Synonyms - lower limit, starting point, minimum, margin
Antonyms -end
Example - The company was forced to sell many of their most valuable assets when the decline in their product sales reached a critical threshold.
6)Outlay (noun) (व्यय) : out-lay
Meaning -an amount of money spent on something.
Synonyms - expenditure, expenses, spending, outgoings
Antonyms -savings, income
Example -The best business is one with a small outlay and with no risk involved.
7)Reimbursement (noun) (अदायगी) : re-imburse-ment
Meaning -the action of repaying a person who has spent or lost money.
Synonyms - refund, repay
Antonyms - deprive, penalize, take
Example - The insurance provides reimbursement of the expenses actually incurred as a result of an accident or sickness that do not exceed any amount specified in the policy.
8)Laudable (adjective) (प्रशंसनीय) : laud-able
Meaning -(of an action, idea, or aim)deserving to be praised or admired
Synonyms - praiseworthy, commendable, admirable, meritorious
Antonyms - blameworthy, shameful
Example - The soldier was given a medal because he created a laudable plan for defeating the enemy.
9)Insofar as (phrase) (जहां तक कि) : in-so-fur-as
Meaning - to the extent or degree that
Synonyms - inasmuch as, insomuch as, insomuch that, so far as
Example - We agree only insofar as the budget is concerned.
10)In lieu of (noun) (के स्थान पर) : in-lew-of
Meaning - In place of; instead of.
Synonyms - instead, as an alternative, as a substitute.
Antonyms -as well, as well as
Example - In lieu of flowers and gifts, please send donations to the old age home.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
08/02/2018
1)Scrap (verb) (रद्द करना) : es-krap
Meaning -discard or remove from service/abolish or cancel (a plan, policy, or law).
Synonyms - abandon, remove, cancel, eliminate
Antonyms -keep, restore, preserve
Example -He supports the idea that road tax should be scrapped.
2)Accrue (verb) (वृद्धि होना) : ak-ru
Meaning - accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time/(of a benefit or sum of money) be received by someone in regular or increasing amounts over time
Synonyms - arise, accumulate, grow, ensue
Antonyms -decrease,dissipate,disperse
Example - Even though a traditional savings count will accrue a small amount of interest every year, other types of investments are better hedges against inflation.
3)Distortionary (adjective) (विकृत) : dis-tor-s-nary
Meaning - The act or an instance of giving a misleading or false account or impression of.
Synonyms - misrepresenting, twisting, misreporting
Antonyms - truth
4)Equity (noun) (मूल्य, स्वामित्व,) : ek-vity
Meaning - the value of the shares issued by a company./the quality of being fair and impartial.
Synonyms - value, worth, ownership, rights, proprietorship
Example -He owns 62% of the Tata group's equity
5)Erosion (noun) (गिरावट) : ero-zun
Meaning - the gradual destruction or diminution of something.
Synonyms - destruction, deterioration, spoiling,weakening.
Antonyms - gain, increase
Example - Due to the erosion of support for the Congress party, it is almost congress mukt Bharat.
6)Well off (noun) (धनी) : well-off
Meaning - having goods, property, or money in abundance
Synonyms - rich, wealthy, affluent
Antonyms -unaffluent deprived, disadvantaged
Example - Higher tax rates are levied on the well-off by the government.
7)Tough love (noun) – (किसी व्यक्ति की एक लत या अन्य समस्या को दूर करने में उनकी मदद करने के लिए उनके साथ बहुत सख्त होने का अभ्यास प्रक्रिया) :
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
06/01/2018
1)Vexatious (adjective) (खिजलानेवाला) : vex-ashi-us
Meaning -causing or tending to cause annoyance, frustration, or worry.
Synonyms - annoying, vexing, irritating, irksome, displeasing, infuriating
Antonyms - delightful, pleasing
Example - Vexatious security checks annoyed the hurried travellers who just wanted to get to their destination quickly.
2)Tyranny (noun) (उत्पीड़न, प्रजा पीड़क शासन) : ti-rany
Meaning -excessively cruel use of power/cruel and oppressive government or rule.
Synonyms - despotism, absolutism, absolute power, autocracy, dictatorship
Antonyms - democracy, liberality
Example -Working together, the two countries hoped they could uproot the dictator and free the small nation from tyranny.
3)Frugal (adjective) ( सरल और साद ा, किफ़ायती) : fru-gal
Meaning - simple and plain and costing little/sparing or economical as regards money or food.
Synonyms - meagre, scanty, scant, paltry, skimpy
Antonyms - lavish, sumptuous, lush, costly, opulent, grand
Example - Be more frugal with your expenses, and you will not be in debt.
4)Grandiose (adjective) ( भव्य ) : gran-di-ose
Meaning -extravagantly or pretentiously imposing in appearance or style/appearing to be impressive but not really possible or practical
Synonyms - magnificent, impressive, grand, imposing
Antonyms - unimpressive, humble, modest
Example - Always producing grandiose plans will never work,until you work hard for them.
5)Unremunerative (adjective) ( अलाभकारी) : un-rim-une-rative
Meaning -bringing little or no profit or income.
Synonyms - futile, unprofitable, worthless, valueless.
Antonyms - fruitful, productive, worthwhile
Example - The present management reported that the land was unremunerative and lying idle.
6)Unerring (adjective) ( सही ढंग से) : en-rang-ly
Meaning - always right or accurate.
Synonyms - unfailing, infallible, unswerving, perfect, flawless,
Antonyms - : fallible, imperfect
Example - After years of experience in the police, the detective had an unerring instinct that told him when someone was lying.
7)Construe (verb) ( अर्थ लगाना,आशय बतलाना) : cons-true
Meaning -interpret (a word or action) in a particular way/to clarify what something means
Synonyms - interpret, understand, read, see, take
Antonyms - befog, cloud confound, confuse, obfuscate
Example - What may seem helpful behaviour to you can be construed as interference by others.
8)Belie (verb) ( झुठलाना,उचित ठहराने में विफल) : bi-lie
Meaning -(of an appearance) fail to give a true impression of (something)/fail to fulfil or justify (a claim or expectation).
Synonyms - camouflage, cloak, conceal, counterfeit, disguise, hide
Antonyms - disclose, discover, evince, exhibit,
Example - Some actresses good looks belie the truth about their real age.
9)Clamour (noun) – ( हंगामा , विरोध) : cla-mur
Meaning -a loud complaint about something or a demand for something/a loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting
Synonyms - outburst, protest, complaints, outcry, commotion.
Antonyms - silence,calm,order,peace
Example - After the bombing, there was a public clamour for vengeance.
10)Peg at (verb) ( सीमा तय करना) : peg-at
Meaning - fix (a price, rate, or amount) at a particular level.
Synonyms - hold down, keep down, fix, set, hold, control, freeze, limit
Example - The Bank wants to peg interest rates at 9%.
11)Dwindle (adjective) ( क्षीण होना) : dwind-ling
Meaning -diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength.
Synonyms - – diminish, decrease, reduce
Antonyms - elongate, extend, lengthen, prolong
Example - As the number of workers began todwindle because of the cutbacks, the workload of each person became intolerable.
12)Ameliorative (verb) ( सुधारात्मक,उन्नति करनेवाला) : ame-lio-ra-tive
Meaning -to make something better or easier in some way
Synonyms - curative reformed, improved, revamped
Antonyms -harmful, injurious, damaging
Example - Ameliorative steps need to be taken to handle the worsening situation of religious intolerance.
13)Tug of war (noun) (रस्साकशी, शक्ति पर विवाद) : tug-of-war
Meaning - a situation in which two evenly matched people or factions are striving to keep or obtain the same thing.
Synonyms - battle, combat, competition, conflict, confrontation
Antonyms - concord, harmony, peace
Example - There was a constant tug-of-war between the military and the President in Pakistan.
*Challenging Words in the Article - * 3/02/2018
1)Exacerbate (verb) ( ख़राब करना) : ex-acer-bate
Meaning - to increase the severity or worsen
Synonyms - aggravate, worsen, inflame
Antonyms - calm, reduce
Example - Not paying your taxes will onlyexacerbate your financial problems in the future.
2) Prune (verb) ( छटना) : pru-n
Meaning - reduce the extent of (something) by removing superfluous or unwanted parts/
Synonyms - reduce, reduce, cut, trim, cut down, decrease.
Antonyms - elongate, extend, lengthen
Example - Firms are cutting investment and pruning their product ranges as well as workforce due to recession.
3) Evasion (noun) ( टालना) : eva-zun
Meaning - the act of escaping from or avoiding (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery.
Synonyms - avoidance, dodging, eluding, elusion, sidestepping
Antonyms - confrontation
Example -The rich politician was arrested for tax evasion.
4) Woe (noun) ( विलाप) : vo
Meaning -great sorrow or distress (often used hyperbolically).
Synonyms - misery, sorrow, distress, wretchedness, sadness, unhappiness
Antonyms - happiness, joy
Example - He told me a real tale of woe about how he had lost both his job and his house in the same week.
5) Chink (noun) – ( कमजोर बिंदु) : chi-nk
Meaning - a small narrow opening
Synonyms - weak point, opening, gap.
Example - Sunlight entered the room through a chink in the curtains.
6) Glacial (adjective) ( बहुत धीमी गति से) : gly-sial
Meaning - extremely slow/extremely cold
Synonyms - crawling, creeping, dallying, dawdling, dilator
Antonyms - expeditious, warm, prompt, accelerated
Example - Progress on the women reservation bill has been glacial in the parliament.
7)Reckon (verb) ( अनुमान लगाना) : rek-on
Meaning - to anticipate a specific thing will occur
Synonyms - calculate, work out; estimate, evaluate.
Antonyms - abandon, cancel, disbelieve
Example - Economic analysts reckon the economy is improving because fewer people are filing for unemployment benefits.
8)Strip (of) (verb) ( वंचित करना) : strip-of
Meaning - to take something, such as status or property, away from someone or something.
Synonyms - dispossess, deprive, divest.
Antonyms - affluent, flush, loaded, moneyed, opulent
Example - The court stripped him of all his property due to his involvement in terror attacks
9) Inertia (noun) ( निष्क्रियता) : iner-sia
Meaning - the tendency to continue being motionless or inactive
Synonyms - inactivity, inaction/apathy, resistance to change.
Antonyms - activity, energy
Example - The inertia of the police force allowed the murder suspect to easily slip out of the country.
10) Macroeconomic (adjective) – ( पूर्वानुमान) : macro-eco-nomic
Meaning-: Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole. It focuses on the aggregate changes in the economy such as unemployment, growth rate, gross domestic product and inflation
11)Current account deficit (noun) (चालू खाता घाटा)
Meaning - current account deficit is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it imports exceeds the value of the goods and services it exports.
12)Fiscal deficit (noun) (राजकोषीय घाटा)
Meaning - the amount by which government expenditure exceeds income from taxation, customs duties, etc, in any one fiscal year / the difference between total expenditure and total income of the government/
*Challenging Words in the Article -*
2/01/2018
1) Prognosis (noun) ( पूर्वानुमान) : prog-noh-sis
Meaning - the predicted outcome of a situation
Synonyms - forecast, prediction, projection.
Antonyms - hindsight, ignorance, thoughtlessness
Example - Due to the company’s financialprognosis, we will probably be one of top ten industries in less than three months.
2) Nascent (adjective) (आरम्भ होता हुआ) : nay-cent
Meaning - (especially of a process or organization) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential.
Synonyms - burgeoning,fledgling,blossoming
Antonyms - dying, shrinking, withering
Example - Although our nonprofit organization is nascent, we have already raised over a half a million dollars in four months.
3) Sanguine ( adjective) (आशावादी) : san-gwine
Meaning - optimistic, hopeful, or confident about the future
Synonyms - buoyant, confident, cheerful, cheery, bright, assured
Antonyms - pessimistic, gloomy
Example - The bank manager did not feelsanguine about recovering the loan.
4) Onus (noun) – (दायित्व) : o-nus
Meaning - the responsibility for something
Synonyms - responsibility, duty, burden.
Antonyms - irresponsibility , absurdity , lunacy
Example - It is the onus of the applicant to fill out the application details completely and correctly.
5) Calibrate (verb) (जांच करना) : cali-brate
Meaning -to quantify in a careful and detailed manner
Synonyms - assess,modify,regulate.
Antonyms - neglect, ignore
Example - Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.
6) Mitigation (noun) (शमन,अल्पीकरण) : miti-gay-shun
Meaning - the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Synonyms - alleviation, reduction, diminution, lessening
Antonyms - intensification, boosting, sharpening, strengthening, augmentation
Example - Because the police force has done very little for the mitigation of crime in our neighbourhood, it is not safe to go out after dark.
7) Exemplary (adjective) (अनुकरणीय) : exem-ple-ri
Meaning - something so good that it is an example for others to follow
Synonyms - perfect, ideal/model, flawless.
Antonyms - deplorable, unworthy
Example - The men and women of the armed forces are exemplary citizens who put the needs of others before their own needs.
8) Vigilant (adjective) (जागरूक) : vigi-lant
Meaning - watchful, especially for danger or disorder
Synonyms - watchful, on the lookout, observant.
Antonyms - negligent, inattentive
Example - As the Secretary of Defense, it is your responsibility to remain vigilant to threats against Homeland Security.
9) Choke off (phrasal verb) (रोकना,बाधा डालना) : choke-off
Meaning - to stop or obstruct someone/something (positive) from happening.
Synonyms - terminate, impede, hinder, hamper, block
Antonyms - facilitate, help, further
Example - They warned the Chancellor that raising taxes in the Budget could choke off the recovery.
10) Paint the picture of (phrase) (वर्णन करना)
Meaning - to describe or show something in a particular way
Synonyms - tell, describe, outline.
Antonyms - distort, falsify, garble, misdescribe, misrepresent
Example - The statistics of Indian Economy do notpaint an optimistic picture.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*1/02/2018
1) Glaring (adjective) (स्पष्ट) : glay-aring
Meaning - highly obvious or conspicuous.
Synonyms - obvious, flagrant, blatant, inescapable.
Antonyms - minor, inconspicuous
Example - There were several glaring inconsistencies in his report.
2) Allay (verb) (निराकरण करना) : aa-lay
Meaning - diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry).
Synonyms - reduce, decrease, lessen.
Antonyms -increase, intensify
Example -Even though the president has apologized for his lack of action during the crisis, his statement has done nothing to allay public anger.
3)Tap (verb) (उपयोग करना) : tap
Meaning - exploit or draw a supply from (a resource).
Synonyms - draw on, exploit, make use of, use , utilize
Antonyms - ignore, neglect misapply, misuse
Example - I tried to tap into my memory to find the answer I was looking for, but I was unable to remember what I needed to.
4) Ailing (adjective) (बीमार) : ai-ling
Meaning - In poor health or condition
Synonyms - failing, weak
Antonyms -healthy, strong, successful
Example -Ailing Indian sports need to be revived by Government.
5) Overshooting (verb) ((एक वित्तीय लक्ष्य या सीमा) से अधिक) - over-shooting
Meaning - exceed (a financial target or limit) , to spend more than planned to.
Synonyms- Overrunning, overtaking
Example - The government usually have to overshoot its original spending target.
6) Slack (adjective) (ढीला) - slack
Meaning - not held tightly in position , not doing work properly.
Synonyms - Loose, slow, sluggish
Antonyms - Desirous, diligent, active
Example - He accused the government of slackness and complacency.
7) Credibility (noun)(विश्वसनीयता) - credi-bi-lity
Meaning - the quality of being trusted and believed in.
Synonyms - Trustworthiness, reliability, veracity
Antonyms - Incredibility, deceit
Example - The police nowadays have lost their credibility.
8) Meltdown (noun) (मंदी) - melt-down
Meaning - a disastrous collapse or breakdown.
Synonyms - Blowout, breakdown, debacle
Antonyms - Positive outcome
Example - Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
9) Recapitalise (noun) (पुन: पूँजीकरण ) : re-cap-ti-lize
Meaning -provide (a business) with more capital, especially by replacing debt with stock.
Synonyms - Hedge, taper
Example - A corporation, or an industry, is sustainable only when it continually reinvents andrecapitalizes itself to meet changing business requirements.
10) Haircut (noun) (लिखित मूल्य में कमी): hair-cut
Meaning - a reduction in the mentioned value of an asset.
*Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu*
31/1/2018
1) Spurt (noun) (उछाल) : es-purt
Meaning - an unexpected short increase in activity, development or effort
Synonyms - sprint, burst, flare, flare-up, flash, flicker
Antonyms - calm, doldrums, slump
Example - With a spurt of energy, Raman was able to cross over the finish line and won the race.
2) Brace (verb) ( तैयार रहना) : bray-s
Meaning - to prepare for use by making stronger/prepare (someone) for something difficult or unpleasant.
Synonyms - gear up, stabilize, gird, strengthen, fortify, bolster
Antonyms - weaken, die down, ease off, sap, undermine
Example -Soldiers in the capital are bracing themselves against an expected attack by rebel forces.
3) Rally (noun) (सुधार) : ra-li
Meaning - recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise.
Synonyms - recovery, improve, get better, pick up, revive, rebound,
Antonyms - deteriorate, worsen
Example -He floundered for a moment, thenrallied again.
4) Windfall (noun) (अप्रत्याशित) : vind-faal
Meaning -an unanticipated benefit, usually monetary in nature
Synonyms - bonanza, jackpot
Antonyms - misfortune, bane and calamity
Example - The college student was thrilled when the purchase of a dollar lottery ticket won her awindfall.
5) Feel the pinch (phrase) (कठिनाई भुगतना)
Meaning - experience hardship, especially financial.
Synonyms - suffer hardship, have less money, be short of money, be poor, be impoverished,
Antonyms - rich, wealthy
Example -The recession hit us hard and many of our customers have been feeling the pinch.
6) Hedge (noun) (सुरक्षा) : hej
Meaning - a way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances.
Synonyms - safeguard, protection, shield, screen, guard, buffer, cushion
Antonyms - expose, neglect, attack, harm
Example -Index-linked gilts are a useful hedgeagainst inflation.
7) Undue (adjective) (अनुपयुक्त) : un-dew
Meaning - at a level that is extreme, not needed
Synonyms - excessive, extreme, immoderate.
Antonyms - due, appropriate, proper
Example -Because of undue stress, the doctor decided to take a break from working at the hospital.
8) Desist from (verb) (से बाज आना , से हटना ) : de-zist-from
Meaning - stop doing something; cease or abstain.
Synonyms - abstain, refrain, forbear, hold back
Antonyms - indulge
Example -During the swearing-in ceremony, each pledged to desist from acts of sabotage.
9) Taking a leaf out of the book (phrase) – (अनुसरण करना) :
Meaning - To do something in the way someone else would do it; to behave or act like someone else.
Synonyms - imitate, copy/reproduce, follow.
Antonyms - disregard, ignore, tune out
Example - As I am impressed by your healthy habits, I think I'm going to take a leaf out of your book and start going for a run first thing in the morning.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
29/1/2018
1) Unfettered (adjective) (निरंकुश) : un-fet-er
Meaning - release from restraint or inhibition.
Synonyms - unconfined, unrestricted, free.
Antonyms - restricted, fettered
Example -The freedoms guaranteed in our Constitution have never been unfettered.
2) Rousing (adjective) (गर्मजोशी) : rau-zing
Meaning - giving rise to excitement/making people feel excited and proud or ready to take action
Synonyms - stimulating, stirring, inspiring
Antonyms - dull, half-hearted
Example - Prime Minister delivered arousing speech on 'clean India, green India and it made citizens of the country more responsibletowards cleanliness of their country.
3) Proximity (noun) (निकटता) : proxi-miti
Meaning - the nearness of one thing or person to another / nearness in space, time, or relationship.
Synonyms-: closeness, nearness, presence, juxtaposition, propinquity
Antonyms - distance, remoteness
Example - Because of the town’s proximity to the dangerous forest, its property values are really low.
4) Foray (noun) (प्रयास) : fo-ray
Meaning - an initial attempt at something, an attempt at doing something new or something that you do not usually do.
Synonyms - attempt, effort, struggle
Antonyms - inactivity, laziness, idleness, immobility
Example - Tired of being lonely, Rachel decided to try a foray into the realm of online friendship.
5) Forge (verb) (बनाना) : forj
Meaning - to form or create something new
Synonyms - build, form, create.
Antonyms - abolish, destroy, eradicate
Example - The Prime Minister is determined toforge a good relationship with America's new leader.
6) Articulate (verb) (स्पष्ट) : art-e-kul-ate
Meaning - expressing oneself clearly
Synonyms - express, communicate, state/announce.
Antonyms - inarticulate, hesitant, unintelligible
Example - A polished speaker, Narendra was able to articulate his points during any discussion.
6) Reap (verb) (काटन ा, फल भोगना) : reep
Meaning -cut or gather (a crop or harvest) / receive (something, especially something beneficial) as a consequence of one's own or another's actions.
Synonyms - Receive, obtain, get, acquire, secure
Antonyms - plant, seed, lose
Example -The company is poised to reap the benefits of this investment"
8) Unaligned (adjective) (असंबद्ध) : un-alien-d
Meaning - not allied with or giving support to a particular organization or cause/not placed or arranged in a straight line
Synonyms - uncommitted,detached,unassociated
Antonyms - associated, aligned, accommodate
Example - Not every voter declares allegiance to a political party, but even those unaligned voters have a dizzying array of names to choose from.’
9) Consensus(noun) (आम सहमति) : con-sen-sus
Meaning - general agreement about something
Synonyms - agreement, harmony, Concord
Antonyms - :disagreement,conflict,argument
Example - If the politicians cannot reach aconsensus on the energy bill in the next few hours, they will have to continue their discussion after the holiday break.
10)In sync (phrase) (मेल में) : in-sinc
Meaning - in a state in which two or more people or things agree with or match one another and work together properly
Synonyms - synchronize, in agreement, together
Antonyms - apart,nonconcurrent
Example - The President is not in sync with the concerns of the people.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
28/1/2018
1) Syndicate (noun) (संघ) : sin-di-cate
Meaning - a group that comes together to buy, trade, invest, or negotiate, usually with large amounts of capital or goods on the line
Synonyms - trust, organization, pool, cartel
Antonyms - individual, one, single
Example - Several investors pooled their money to form a syndicate where they bought stocks and traded to amass millions.
2) Nexus (noun) – (केंद्रीय) : nex-as
Meaning - the focal place or point
Synonyms - center, junction
Antonyms - dim, blur, insignificant
Example -Today Facebook seems to be thenexus of communication.
3) Moot (verb) (विवादास्पद) : moot
Meaning -subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty/having little or no practical relevance.
Synonyms - debatable doubtful, disputable, contestable
Antonyms - certain, indubitable, unquestionable, irrefutable
Example - Because your facts come from an unverified source, your research paper is moot.
4) Gamut (noun) (एक पूरी रेंज) : ga-mut
Meaning - an entire range
Synonyms - range, scale, series, chain
Antonyms - individual, incomplete, pieces
Example - College life opened up a whole gamut of new experiences.
5) Nuance (noun) (अति सूक्ष्म अंतर) : nu-ance
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - shade, distinction, refinement
Antonyms - coarse, inexact, rough
Example - To solve the puzzle in the newspaper, you need to identify the nuance in the two seemingly identical pictures.
6)Advocacy (noun)(वकालत) : ad-vo-kay-c
Meaning - public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.
Synonyms - support for, argument for, arguing for, calling for, pushing for, pressing for
Antonyms - oppose, protest, discourage
Example - She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights.
7)Substantial (adjective) (ठोस,सामान्य से बड़ा) : subs-tan-cial
Meaning - referring to something that is greater or larger than normal
Synonyms - strong, firm, stout
Antonyms -unimportant, minor, trivial
Example - Due to his strong compassion for the charity, the businessman donated a substantialamount of money to the cause.
8) Conviction (noun) (दोषसिद्धि) : con-vik-shun
Meaning - a firmly held belief or opinion, a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
Synonyms - sentence, judgement
Antonyms - acquittal
Example -As it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.
9) Revamp (noun) (सुधार) : re-vamp
Meaning - give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
Synonyms - renovate, redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate
Antonyms - destroy, damage, abolish
Example -The public school system is undergoing a revamp due to a project in conjunction with the World Bank.
10) Prism (noun) (विशेष दृष्टिकोण) : pri-sm
Meaning - used to refer to the clarification or distortion afforded by a particular viewpoint.
Synonyms - perspective, standpoint, angle, outlook
Example -They were forced to imagine the disaster through the prism of television.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
27/01/2018
1) Naysayer (noun) (निराशावादी) : ney-sey-er
Meaning - a person who habitually expresses negative or pessimistic views/someone who says something is not possible, is not good, or will fail
Synonyms - misanthrope, cynic, pessimist
Antonyms - optimist, positivist, idealist
Example - He ignored naysayers in his party and decided to run for election.
2)Mantle (noun) (कर्तव्य) : man-tl
Meaning - the obligations or authority associated with an individual’s duties, title, or personal beliefs
Synonyms-: role, ownership, onus, responsibility, function, position
Antonyms - irresponsibility
Example - Before the king died, he passed hismantle to his eldest son.
3) Fledgling(noun) (अनुभवहीन) : flej-ling
Meaning - a person or organization who is just starting out in a field of activity/an individual or group that is inexperienced or not fully mature
Synonyms - emerging, amateur, learner
Antonyms - expert, master, pro, professional
Example - The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses.
4) Renege (veb) (मुकर जाना ) : re-neged
Meaning - to not fulfill a promise
Synonyms - back down, back off, back out, cop out, fink out
Antonyms - adhere (to), fulfil, keep, satisfy
Example - The kind manager did everything he could to ensure he would not renege on the promises he made to his employees.
5) Thrust (verb) (जोर) : thruhst
Meaning - to force something in a certain direction
Synonyms - drive, propel, shove, push
Antonyms - dive, plummet, sink, slide
Example -Sometimes, the wind will be so strong that it will thrust open an unlocked door to a building or house.
6) Slew(noun) (अधिक संख्या) : sloo
Meaning - a large number or quantity of something.
Synonyms - abundance, bunch, loads, mass
Antonyms - absence, dearth, lack, paucity
Example -The interviewer asked me a slewof questions.
7) Imperial (adjective) (साम्राज्य) : im-peer-ee-ul
Meaning - relating to an empire, emperor, or the concept of imperialism
Synonyms - august, baronial, epic, gallant, glorious
Antonyms - average, common, mediocre, ordinary
Example - During the British imperial period, India suffered greatly at the expense of their treatment.
8) Veil (verb) (ढकना) : veyl
Meaning - partially conceal, disguise, or obscure.
Synonyms - cover, hide
Antonyms - unveil, expose, uncover
Example -He made only a veiled reference to international concerns over human rights issues.
9) Amend (verb) (संशोधन) : aa-mend
Meaning - to make better, to correct or to make something fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances.
Synonyms - revise, alter, modify, rectify, reform,
Antonyms - damage, harm, injure, spoil, tarnish, vitiate
Example - After proving that I was truly born on a different date, they agreed to amend my birth certificate
Good Morning Readers!
26/01/2018
Today’s article, 'Reform with caution — on criminal justice system' has been picked from 'The Indian Express'
This article talks about the Centre’s decision to revisit the 2003 report of the Justice V.S. Malimath Committee on reforming the criminal justice system. The article says that the Centre must act on the Malimath report which is based on restructuring criminal law, but it also suggests that the Centre must do it with due diligence.
Reform with caution — on criminal justice system
Challenging Words in the Article -
1) Syndicate (noun) (संघ) : sin-di-cate
Meaning - a group that comes together to buy, trade, invest, or negotiate, usually with large amounts of capital or goods on the line
Synonyms - trust, organization, pool, cartel
Antonyms - individual, one, single
Example - Several investors pooled their money to form a syndicate where they bought stocks and traded to amass millions.
2) Nexus (noun) – (केंद्रीय) : nex-as
Meaning - the focal place or point
Synonyms - center, junction
Antonyms - dim, blur, insignificant
Example -Today Facebook seems to be thenexus of communication.
3) Moot (verb) (विवादास्पद) : moot
Meaning -subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty/having little or no practical relevance.
Synonyms - debatable doubtful, disputable, contestable
Antonyms - certain, indubitable, unquestionable, irrefutable
Example - Because your facts come from an unverified source, your research paper is moot.
4) Gamut (noun) (एक पूरी रेंज) : ga-mut
Meaning - an entire range
Synonyms - range, scale, series, chain
Antonyms - individual, incomplete, pieces
Example - College life opened up a whole gamut of new experiences.
5) Nuance (noun) (अति सूक्ष्म अंतर) : nu-ance
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - shade, distinction, refinement
Antonyms - coarse, inexact, rough
Example - To solve the puzzle in the newspaper, you need to identify the nuance in the two seemingly identical pictures.
6)Advocacy (noun)(वकालत) : ad-vo-kay-c
Meaning - public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.
Synonyms - support for, argument for, arguing for, calling for, pushing for, pressing for
Antonyms - oppose, protest, discourage
Example - She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights.
7)Substantial (adjective) (ठोस,सामान्य से बड़ा) : subs-tan-cial
Meaning - referring to something that is greater or larger than normal
Synonyms - strong, firm, stout
Antonyms - unimportant, minor, trivial
Example - Due to his strong compassion for the charity, the businessman donated a substantialamount of money to the cause.
8) Conviction (noun) (दोषसिद्धि) : con-vik-shun
Meaning - a firmly held belief or opinion, a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
Synonyms - sentence, judgement
Antonyms - acquittal
Example -As it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.
9) Revamp (noun) (सुधार) : re-vamp
Meaning - give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
Synonyms - renovate, redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate
Antonyms - destroy, damage, abolish
Example -The public school system is undergoing a revamp due to a project in conjunction with the World Bank.
9) Prism (noun) (विशेष दृष्टिकोण) : pri-sm
Meaning - used to refer to the clarification or distortion afforded by a particular viewpoint.
Synonyms - perspective, standpoint, angle, outlook
Example -They were forced to imagine the disaster through the prism of television.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
25/1/2918
1) Unfathomable(adjective) (अपरिमेय) : un-fath-uh-muh-bull
Meaning - incapable of being fully explored, impossible to comprehend or understand
Synonyms - inscrutable, incomprehensible, enigmatic, incalculable, indecipherable
Antonyms - comprehensible, penetrable
Example -The skills required to play modern video games are unfathomable to most parents.
2) Contemporary (adjective) (समकालीन) : con-tum-pur-ari
Meaning - living or occurring at the sametime, belonging to or occurring in the present.
Synonyms - modern, present-day, present, current, present-time, immediate, extant
Antonyms - old-fashioned, out of date
Example - While young people tend to prefercontemporary music, the older generation prefers to listen to music from the 1970’s and the 1980’s.
3)Alienate(verb) (हटाना ,हस्तांतरित करना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - make (someone) feel isolated or estranged ,transfer ownership of (property rights) to another person or group.
Synonyms - estrange, turn away, set apart, drive apart, isolate, detach, distance
Antonyms - unite
Example - If the president does not agree to the prime minister’s terms, he will alienate one of the nation’s strongest allies.
4) Grasp (समझ,पकड़ना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - a person's understanding(Noun) , seize and hold firmly (Verb).
Synonyms - grip, clutch, perception, apprehension, awareness
Antonyms - miss, overlook
Example - Some words in this book are so tough that they are beyond my grasp.
5) Primordial(adjective) (मौलिक) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - existing at or from the beginning of time, (especially of a feeling or state) basic and fundamental.
Synonyms-: instinctive, primitive, basic, intuitive,
Antonyms - secondary, unimportant
Example - Researchers are still trying to determine the number of planets that originally existed in the primordial galaxy.
6) Trash (verb) (verb) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - damage or destroy, criticize severely.
Synonyms - wreck, ruin, criticize, lambaste, censure
Antonyms - preservation, protection, compliment, appraise
Example -Some people always trash others no matter how good they are.
7) Leverage(verb) (इस्तेमाल) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - use (something) to maximum advantage/use borrowed capital for (an investment), expecting the profits made to be greater than the interest payable
Example - The organization needs to leverage its key resources to maximize its profit.
8)Vanish (verb) (ग़ायब हो जाना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - disappear suddenly and completely.
Synonyms - disappear, invisible, evaporate, dissipate
Antonyms - arrive, break out, come out, emerge,
Example - The roads vanished into the fog as we drove in a chilly winter morning.
9) Presumably (adverb) (शायद) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain.
Synonyms - assume, expect, believe, presume, suppose,
Antonyms - implausibly, inconceivably, incredibly, unbelievably
Example - The jurors can presumably go home since the verdict has been read.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
24/1/2018
1) Ephemeral (verb) (अल्पकालिक) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - lasting for a very short time.
Synonyms - transitory, transient, fleeting, passing, momentary
Antonyms - Permanent, Eternal, endless, lasting
Example - Fashions are ephemeral, new trends regularly drive out the old.
2) Envisage (verb) (परिकल्पना) : en-vis-age
Meaning - contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event.
Synonyms - foresee, predict, forecast, foretell
Antonyms - disregard, ignore
Example -You cannot envisage what the circumstances will be in twenty years' time.
3) Grappling (verb) (जूझना) : grapp-ling
Meaning - Engage in a close fight or struggle without weapons
Synonyms - wrestle, struggle, tussle
Antonyms - Agree, avoid, dodge
Example - Today, many Indians in America are still grappling with the issue of race.
4) Soar (verb) (ऊंची उड़ान भरना,इज़ाफ़ा होना) : soar-ing
Meaning - increase rapidly above the usual level.
Synonyms - shoot up, escalate, fly up
Antonyms - fall, plummet, dwindle
Example - The cost of living continued to soar in the metro cities.
5) Stray (verb) (भटकना) : Stray-ing
Meaning -Move away aimlessly from a group or from the right course or place.
Synonyms - wander off, go astray, drift, get separated
Antonyms - remain, stay
Example - The military arrested anyone whostrayed into the exclusion zone’
6) Squeeze (verb) (दबाव, हानिकारक प्रभाव होना) : es-queze
Meaning -(especially in a financial or commercial context)have a damaging or restricting effect on.
Synonyms - Force, compress, press, crush, squash
Antonyms - powerlessness, release, weakness, opening
Example - The economy is being squeezed by foreign debt repayments.
7) Populism (verb) (लोकलुभावनवाद) : popu-lism
Meaning - support for the concerns of ordinary people
Example - The French Revolution against the monarchy was an act of populism, the French citizens saw great injustice and came together as a group to fight against the King.
8) Round the corner (verb) (बहुत निकट) : Ja-ring
Meaning - very near
Synonyms - close by, nearby, next to
Antonyms - far, distant, remote
Example -As it is the month of March, summers are just round the corner.
9) Altar (verb) (बलिवेदी) : al-tar
Meaning - Make someone or something suffer in the interests of.
Synonyms - trouble, difficulty, disaster
Antonyms - ease, delight
Example - No businessman is going to sacrifice his company on the altar of such altruism.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*22/1/2018
1) Prerogative (Noun) – (परमाधिकार) - pre-rog-a-tive
Meaning - a special right, power, or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
Synonyms - entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, due
Antonyms - disadvantage, drawback, prohibition
Example - In some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich.
2) Slender (Adjective) ( क्षीण ,पतला) - slen-der
Meaning - very slim or lean, a situation which exists but only to a very small degree.
Synonyms - meagre, limited, slight, modest, scant
Antonyms - massive, abundant, obese
Example - The girl was able to slip her slenderhand right under the door frame and retrieve the keys.
3)Plebiscite (Noun) ( जनमत-संग्रह) - plebi-site
Meaning - an election in which individuals cast votes in favour of or against a major proposal or candidate
Synonyms - vote, referendum, ballot, poll
Example - The results of the plebiscite will determine whether or not the bill will become law.
4) Exaggerate (Verb) – (अतिरंजना करना) - ig-zaj-er-eyt
Meaning- represent (something) as being larger, better, or worse than it really is.
Synonyms - overstate, overemphasize, overstress, overestimate
Antonyms - minimize, depreciate, reduce
Example - The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
5) Stinging (verb) (चुभता , ताना मारता हुआ) - sting-ing
Meaning - feel or cause to feel a sharp tingling or burning pain or sensation, (typically of something said) hurt or upset (someone).
Synonyms - upset, wound, distress,incite, spur, prick
Antonyms - Gentle, mild, soothing
Example - The novel is a stinging satire on American politics.
6) Nuances (Noun) (बारीकियों) - nu-anc-es
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - fine distinction, subtle distinction/difference, shade
Example - Please be quiet so I can hear everynuance of the song!
7) Pertain (Verb) (संबद्ध होना) - per-teyn
Meaning - related or connected to the subject being referenced
Synonyms - concern, be relevant to, have relevance to, apply to, refer to, have a bearing
Antonyms - dissect, impassive
Example - All of the evidence and documents thatpertain to the robbery case were presented to the jury.
8) Apparent (Adjective) (स्पष्ट) - ap-par-ent
Meaning - clearly visible or understood; obvious
Synonyms - evident, plain, obvious, clear, manifest
Antonyms - unclear ,unrelatable ,obscure
Example - It became apparent to everyone that Charlie was a talented actor who would one day become world-famous.
9) Oblige (verb) (मजबूर करन ा, अनुगृहित करना) - uh-blahyj
Meaning - make (someone) legally or morally bound to do something, perform a good deed for someone
Synonyms - require, compel, accommodate, indulge, gratify
Antonyms - disobey, disoblige, free
Example - Doctors are obliged by law to keep patients alive while there is a chance of recovery.
10) Override (Verb) (अवहेलना) - o-ver-ride
Meaning - To use one’s authority to cancel or overrule the action or decision of another
Synonyms - disallow, overrule, countermand,
Antonyms - accept, assume, abide
Example - The president has decided to overridehis advisors’ decision and put his own plan in place.
11) Sovereignty (Noun) (संप्रभुता) - sov-rin-tee
Meaning - supreme power or authority.
Synonyms - power, authority, jurisdiction, dominion, control
Antonyms - dependence, servitude, retention
Example - The sovereignty of Holland and Zeeland was offered to the queen of England, but she declined and promised secret support.
*Challenging Words in the Article -*
1) Unprecedented (अभूतपूर्व) - Un-preci-den-ted
Meaning - never done or known before - Adjective
Synonyms - unparalleled, unequalled
Antonyms - normal, common
Example - The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.
2) Speculation (सट्टा) - Spe-kue-lay-shun
Meaning - the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence - Noun
Synonyms - conjecture, thesis
Antonyms - reality, truth
Example - Since the doctor had never seen such unusual symptoms, he could only speculate on the cause of the patient’s illness.
3) Reckless (लापरवाह) - Reck-less
Meaning - heedless of danger or the consequences of one's actions; rash or impetuous - Adjective
Synonyms - careless, heedless
Antonyms - cautious, prudent
Example - He had always been reckless with money.
4) Impulsive (आवेगशील) - Im-pul-sive
Meaning - acting or done without forethought - Adjective
Synonyms - abrupt, hasty
Antonyms - calm, sensible
Example - The impulsive woman regretted getting into the stranger’s car.
5) Credence (प्रत्यय) - Kre-den-se
Meaning - belief in or acceptance of something as true - Noun
Synonyms - acceptance, belief
Antonyms - denial, distrust
Example - Because the experiment had been performed over a hundred times, a great deal of credence was given to the results.
6) Impunity (दण्ड मुक्ति) - Im-pew-nity
Meaning - exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action - Noun
Synonyms - immunity, exception
Antonyms - denial, veto
Example - Because the internet is basically a lawless civilization, many people commit crimes online with impunity.
7) Volatile (परिवर्तनशील) - Vo-la-tile
Meaning - (of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures - Adjective
(of a person) liable to display rapid changes of emotion
Synonyms - tense, strained
Antonyms - certain, constant
Example - Sending the police inside will only make the hostage situation more volatile.
1) *Crescendo* (noun) ( चरम सीमा): cre-scen-do
Meaning - the topmost increase in size or intensity
*Synonyms* - peak, top, a high point.
*Antonyms* - Decrescendo, nadir, minimum, bottom
*Example* -During the fiery debate, the candidate’s voice reached acrescendo when his rival accused him of criminal activity.
2) *Agonisingly* (adverb) ( हद से ज़्यादा ): egg-nie-zingly
Meaning -To the extreme (related to pain)
*Synonyms*: Torturing, excruciatingly, harrowingly.
*Antonyms* - Painless
*Example* - In a very interesting match, India lost it agonisingly just by 5 runs.
3) *Resounding* (adjective)( ज़बर्दस्त ): ri-soun-ding
Meaning - Very loud , extreme or booming
*Synonyms* –huge, massive, terrific/colossal.
*Antonyms* - Quiet, peaceful, quiet
*Example* - Making a resoundingboom, the dynamite explosion could be heard from several miles away..
4) *Perseverance* (noun) ( लगन) : pur-zer-ver-ance
Meaning - resolve that allows one to continue with a duty or task regardless of difficulty or previous attempts
*Synonyms* - Persistance ,determination, Tenacity
*Antonyms* - laziness, apathy, cowardice
*Example* - The disabled young man’sperseverance allowed him to complete the marathon.
5) *Democratize* (verb) ( प्रजातंत्रीकरण करना ): de-mok-ruh-tahyz
Meaning - make (something) accessible to everyone.
*Synonyms* - equate , emulate , regularize
*Antonyms* - Disproportion, unmatch
*Example* - The magazine's goal is to democratize art.
6) *Towering* (adjective)( प्रचण्ड)): tou-er-ing
Meaning - of great importance or influence. , extremely tall, especially in comparison with the surroundings.
*Synonyms* - outstanding, eminent/incomparable, distinguished.
*Antonyms* - Short, dwarf, unimportant, low
*Example* - He remains a towering figure in modern British politics.
7) *Rivet* (verb) ( ध्यान आकर्षित करना ): riv-et-ed
Meaning -to command the attention of
*Synonyms* - fascinated, engrossed, captivated.
*Antonyms* - Disinterest, repulse, reject, ignore
*Example* - Apple Inc. knows how torivet the world’s attention by constantly releasing cutting edge technology.
8) *Etch* (verb) (उकेरना): ech
Meaning - be permanently fixed into someone’s memory,, to cut a pattern or picture into a surface especially wood, metal, or glass
*Synonyms* - Engrave, imprint, inscribe
*Antonyms* - Build, efface, neglect
*Example* - It is a very bad habit of some tourists to etch their names on historical monuments.
9) *Far-fetched* (adjective) (क्लिष्ट ) : far-fe-ched
Meaning - unlikely and unconvincing, difficult to believe
*Synonyms* - implausible, improbable, dubious
*Antonyms* - easy, achievable, realistic, plausible
*Example*: All this may sound a bit far-fetched, but companies are already developing 'intelligent' homes.
10) *Cue* (Noun) (संकेत): kyoo
Meaning - a signal (as a word, a gesture, or phrase) for somebody to do something
*Synonyms* - hint, indication, sign/signal.
*Example* -The teacher relied on her clapping cue to get students to become attentive.
11) *Opportune* (Adjective) - उपयुक्त
Meaning - (of a time) especially convenient or appropriate for a particular action or event
*Synonyms*: timely, propitious, favourable, apt, appropriate
*Antonyms* - unsuitable, inopportune, untimely, inappropriate
*Example* - Bihar CM Nitish Kumar said that he will give a befitting reply to all at an opportune time.
1. Strenuous – ज़ोरदार
Meaning – requiring or using great effort or exertion.
Synonyms – arduous, difficult, hard, tough, taxing, demanding, exacting, uphill, stiff, formidable, heavy, exhausting, tiring, fatiguing, gruelling, back-breaking, murderous, punishing; informalno picnic, killing.
Usage – “the government made strenuous efforts to upgrade the quality of the teaching profession”
2. Strive – प्रयास करते हैं
Meaning – struggle or fight vigorously.
Synonyms – try, try hard, attempt, endeavour, aim, aspire, venture, undertake, seek, make an effort, make every effort, spare no effort, exert oneself, do one’s best, do all one can, do one’s utmost, give one’s all, labour, work, toil, strain.
Usage – “scholars must strive against bias”.
3. Queasy – कोमल
Meaning – nauseous; feeling sick.
Synonyms – nauseous, nauseated, bilious, sick; seasick, carsick, trainsick, airsick, travel-sick, suffering from motion sickness, suffering from altitude sickness; ill, unwell, poorly, bad, out of sorts, dizzy, peaky, liverish, green about the gills; off, off colour; sick to one’s stomach; informalfunny, peculiar.
Usage – “in the morning he was still pale and queasy”
4. Coronation – राज तिलक करना
Meaning – the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign’s consort.
Synonyms – crowning, enthronement, enthroning, accession to the throne, investiture, anointing, inauguration.
Usage – “they built a tower to celebrate Victoria’s coronation”
5. Itinerant – चलनेवाला
Meaning – travelling from place to place.
Synonyms – travelling, peripatetic, wandering, wayfaring, roving, roaming, rambling, touring, nomadic, gypsy, migrant, migratory, ambulatory; vagrant, vagabond, homeless, of no fixed address/abode, displaced; footloose, rootless, drifting, floating, unsettled, restless; globetrotting, jet-setting.
Usage – “a market for both local and itinerant traders”
6. Gospel – सुसमाचार
Meaning – the teaching or revelation of Christ.
Synonyms – Christian teaching, Christ’s teaching, the life of Christ, the word of God, the good news, Christian doctrine.
Usage – “the Gospel was spread informally by missionaries”
7. Mawkish – कुत्सित
Meaning – sentimental in an exaggerated or false way.
Synonyms – sentimental, over-sentimental, overemotional, cloying, sickly, saccharine, sugary, syrupy, sickening, nauseating, maudlin, lachrymose, banal, trite; twee; informalmushy, slushy, sloppy, schmaltzy, weepy, cutesy, lovey-dovey, gooey, drippy, sloshy, soupy, treacly, cheesy, corny, icky, sick-making, toe-curling; informalsoppy; informalcornball, sappy, hokey, three-hanky.
Usage – “a mawkish ode to parenthood”
8. Perchance – मुमकिन है
Meaning – by some chance; perhaps.
Synonyms – by chance, by any chance, by some chance, as it may be, as it may happen, as things may turn out.
Usage – “if perchance he arrives on time”
9. Mayhem – हाथापाई
Meaning – violent or extreme disorder; chaos.
Synonyms – chaos, disorder, confusion, havoc, bedlam, pandemonium, tumult, uproar, turmoil, madness, madhouse, hullabaloo, all hell broken loose, wild disarray, disorganization, maelstrom, trouble, disturbance, commotion, riot, anarchy, destruction, violence
Usage – “furious TV bosses watched stunned as the band created mayhem onstage”
10. Pulchritude – ख़ूबसूरती
Meaning – beauty.
Usage – “the irresistible pulchritude of her friend”.
*_COMMONLY USED ENGLISH WORDS OF DUTCH ORIGIN_*
Booze(शराब पीना) = from busen (to drink in excess)
Cookie (कुकी) = from koekie (biscuit)
Cruise(समुद्र-पर्यटन) = from kruisen (to cross or to sail to and fro)
Decoy (प्रलोभन) = from de - the + kooi - a cage (used lure and capture wild fowls)
Excise (उत्पाद शुल्क) = from excijs (tax on goods)
Iceberg (हिम-शिला) = from ijsberg (literally- ice mountain)
Measles (खसरा) = from masel (blemish)
Smuggler (तस्कर) = from smokkelen (to transport (goods) illegally)
Yacht (नौका) = from jacht, short for jachtschip (literally - a hunting ship).
Daily Vocabulary ( 24 July 2017 ) : 5 Words
=======================
1. QUASH (VERB): destroy
Synonyms: quell, extirpate
Antonyms: assist, support
Example sentence:
Why do you always quash my plans?
2. QUISLING (NOUN): traitor
Synonyms: betrayer, defecator
Antonyms: faithful, steadfast
Example sentence:
He called him a quisling once.
3. QUIXOTIC (ADJECTIVE): dreamy
Synonyms: impractical, unrealistic
Antonyms: practical, pragmatic
Example sentence:
This is a quiotic situation.
4. ABATE (VERB): decrease
Synonyms: lessen, diminish
Antonyms: extend, expand
Example sentence:
Apply the ointment it will abate your pain.
5. REPRIEVE (NOUN): a cancellation or postponement of a punishment.
Synonyms: absolution, amnesty
Antonyms: accusation, denunciation
Example sentence:
Shabana accepted the death sentence and refused to appeal for a reprieve.
*WORD MEANING*
conducted – आयोजन किया
examines – जाँच
preliminary – प्रारंभिक
qualitative – गुणवत्ता
heartfelt – हार्दिक
Embrace – आलिंगन
efficient – कुशल
coefficients – गुणांक
whim – भावना
whim – रंग
arbitrary – मनमाने ढंग से
heuristic – अनुमानी
comply – पालन करना
solicit – मांगना
domineering – तानाशाही
gullible – भोला, आसानी से धोखा खानेवाला
chatty – बातूनी
nosy – सुगंधित
cynical – सनकी
conservative – रूढ़िवादी
oblivious – बेखबर
ignorant – अनजान
obsessed – ग्रस्त, पागल, जुनून सवार
bossy – शासक
Immature – अपरिपक्व
Mature – परिपक्व
authoritative – आधिकारिक
Naive – अनुभवहीन
naivete – भोलेपन
narrative – वर्णनात्मक
orphan – अनाथ
isolate – अलग-थलग
realm – क्षेत्र
preoccupation – अति व्यस्तता
affluent – धनी
redundancy – फालतूपन
in lieu, lieu – एवज में
initiative – पहल
nimble – तेज़
impedance – विरोध
Phrase – वाक्यांश
Phrasebook – शब्दकोश
persuade – राज़ी करना
underlay – बुनियाद
cause – कारण
extended – विस्तृत
exhaustive – संपूर्ण
thorough – संपूर्ण
rigorous – कठिन
unto – तक
global – वैश्विक
suicidal – आत्मघात
despondent – हताश
reservoir – जलाशय
convey – सूचित करना
demise – मृत्यु
insanity – पागलपन
Irony – व्यंग्य
prejudice – पक्षपात
Typically – आमतौर पर
determine – निर्धारित
Etiquette – शिष्टाचार
aggression – आक्रमण
unceasing – अटूट
heartless – बेरहम
heartlessness – निर्दयता
truculence – निर्दयता
provocation – उत्तेजना
violent – हिंसा करनेवाला
confront – सामना करना
readiness – तत्परता
hostile – शत्रुतापूर्ण
antipathy – घृणा
interpretation – व्याख्या
contented – संतुष्ट
Nevertheless – फिर भी
gem – मणि
profound – गहन
alchemy – रसायन विज्ञान
chaotic – अराजक
reverence – श्रद्धा
stupor – अचेतनता
Enrollment – नामांकन
rave – बड़बड़ाना
raving – पागल
Intent – इरादा
wit – बुद्धि
wits – दिमाग
oblivion – विस्मृति
lad, laddie – बालक
Barley – जौ
Oat – जई
muffin – टिकिया
Bran – भूसी, चोकर
Flakes – लच्छे
lurk – घात में रहना
sinister – भयावह
feverish – डांवांडोल
retract – वापस लेना
skeptical – उलझन में
abbreviation – संक्षिप्त नाम
stringent – कड़ी से कड़ी
peregrine – परदेशी
foreigner – विदेशी
expatriate – परदेशी
expat – प्रवासी
exile – निर्वासन
assertive – दृढ़ निश्चय वाला
empathize – सहानुभूति
gratify – कृतार्थ करना
tardy – धीमी
funky – कायरता
sedentary – गतिहीन जीवन
Proprietor – मालिक
competent – सक्षम
contingent – आकस्मिक
superfluous – ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा
closeout – नीलाम
bring into notice – ध्यान में लाना
Take cognizance of – ध्यान में लाना
rejig – बदलाव
retort – करारा जवाब
pass the buck – उत्तरदायित्व मढ़ना
precarious – अनिश्चित
defer – टालना
disseminate – प्रसारित करना
provocation – उकसावा
iconic – प्रतिष्ठित
lunatic – पागल मनुष्य
placard – दीवार पर विज्ञापन चिपकाना
placard – इश्तहार
humanitarian – मानवीय
hypertension – उच्च रक्तचाप
vigorous – जोरदार
epilepsy – मिरगी
belly – पेट
taut – तना हुआ
adores – प्यार करते हैं
adoration – आराधना
PRECISE – सटीक
vital – महत्वपूर्ण
grasp – समझ
reimbursement – भरपाई
coveted – प्रतिष्ठित
squeeze – निचोड़
feasible – संभव
liaise – संबंध स्थापित करना
pertaining – संबंधित
Fistula – नासूर
Infertility – बांझपन
Naturopathy – प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा
Venereal – कामी
convalescence – स्वास्थ लाभ
anomaly – विसंगति
genital – यौन
Congenital – जन्मजात
Circumcision – खतना
attributable – कारण
exclusion – बहिष्कार
Indemnity – हानि से सुरक्षा
admissible – स्वीकार्य
Prudent – विवेकी
transcends – अतिक्रमण
transcend – पार
Wobble – लडखडाना
condemnation – निंदा
prevalent – प्रचलित
immense – अत्यधिक
certain – निश्चित
certain – कुछ
Redeemed – छुड़ाया
whiskers – मूंछ
tentacle – मूंछ
mustache – मूंछ
miser – कंजूस
commencement – प्रारंभ
serene – निर्मल
perseverance – दृढ़ता
toxin – विष
stale – बासी
abundant – प्रचुर
strained – तनावपूर्ण
erratic – अनियमित
vanish – गायब
diminishes – घटता
rung – छड़
veil – परदा
prerequisite – शर्त
criterion – मापदंड
satiated – तृप्त
lineage – वंशावली
Plunk – खनखनाहट
rapport – घनिष्ठता
enshrined – प्रतिष्ठापित
persuaded – राजी
estranged – पराया
spacious – विशाल
confectionery – हलवाई की दुकान
riddle – पहेली
conscientious – ईमानदार
dedication – निष्ठा
introspection – आत्मनिरीक्षण
scripture – वेद
thereby – इस तरह
observances – पाल
English verbs for animal sounds
Alligators - bellow, hiss
Apes - gibber
Asses - bray
Badgers - growl
Basenji dogs - yodel
Bats - screech
Bears - growl
Bees - hum and buzz
Beetles - drone
Birds - chirrup, chirp, twitter, tweet, sing, whistle
Bitterns - boom
Blackbirds - whistle
Bulls - bellow
Calves - bleat
Camels - grunt
Cats - mew, purr, meow, hiss, yowl, spit
Cattle - moo, low
Chaffinches - fink
Chicks - cheep
Chickens - cluck
Cicadas - sing
Cocks - crow
Cows - low, moo
Cowdog - moof
Coyotes - yelp, cry
Crickets - chirp, creak
Crows - caw
Cuckoos - coo, cuckoo
Curlews - pipe
Deers - bell
Dingos - bark, cry
Dodos - squawk, cry
Dogs - bark, woof
Dolphins - click
Donkeys - bray, hee-haw
Doves - coo
Ducks - quack
Eagles - scream, cry
Elephants - trumpet
Falcons - chant
Ferrets - dook
Flies - buzz, hum
Foxes - bark, yelp or simper
Frogs - croak, ribbit
Giraffes - bleat
Goats - bleat, baa
Geese - cackle, goble, hiss, honk, quack
Grasshoppers - chirp: Stridulation
Guinea pigs - squeak / wheek
Hamsters - squeak
Hares - squeak
Hawks - scream
Hens - cackle, cluck
Hippopotamuses - bellow, rumble, roar, growl
Humans - cry, scream, sing, talk
Hogs - grunt
Horses - clop, neigh, snort, whinny
Hyenas - laugh, scream
Jackals - howl
Jays - chatter
Koalas - scream, bellow, wail
Komodo dragons - growl, snarl, hiss
Lambs - bleat
Larks - sing, warble
Linnets - chuckle
Lions - roar, growl
Llamas - growl
Magpies - chatter
Mice - squeak and squeal
Monkeys - chatter, gibber, whoop
Moose - bellow
Mosquitoes - whine
Nightingales - pipe, sing, warble
Okapis - cough, bellow
Ostriches - bleep bleep
Owls - hoot, scream, screech, shriek
Oxen - bellow, low
Parrots - talk, screech, squawk
Peacocks - scream
Peafowls - scream
Penguins - honk, ehh ehh
Pigs - oink, snort, grunt, squeal, call
Pigeons - coo
Platypus's - chitter, growl
Porpoises - whistle, click
Prairie dogs - bark
Puffins - moo
Queleas - twitter, whistle, chirp, shriek, and squawk
Rabbits - squeak, drum
Raccoons - chitter
Rats - squeak
Ravens - croak
Rhinos - bellow
Robins - chirp
Rooks - caw
Rooster - cock-a'doodle-doo
Seagulls - scream
Seals - bark
Sharks - hom hom
Sheep - bleat, baa
Snakes - hiss
Sparrows - chirp, twitter
Squirrels - squeak
Stags - bellow
Swallows - twitter, squeal
Swans - cry
Tigers - growl, roar
Thrushes - whistle, sing
Tokay Geckos - to-keh!
Tortoises - grunt
Turkeys - gobble
Vultures - scream
Walruses - groan
Whales - sing: Whale song.
Wolves - howl, cry, yell
Wrens - warble
Zebras - neigh, whinny
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Challenging Words of the Day..
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*14/02/2018
1)Fester ( उपेक्षा की वजह से समस्या का बढ़ जाना): Fes-tur
Meaning - (of a problem) become worse or more intense, especially through long-term neglect or indifference.
Synonyms - rankle, chafe, gnaw, ferment, brew, smouldr
Antonyms - heal,ease,lessen
Example -Your anger will fester if you do not share what you really want.
2)Substantial ( ठोस,सारभूत): subs-tan-scial
Meaning - of considerable importance, size, or worth/ referring to something that is greater or larger than normal/
Synonyms - considerable, solid, sizeable, major, valuable, worthwhile
Antonyms - insubstantial, worthless
Example - After winning the lottery, the family won a substantial amount of money in which they didn’t know how to spend it all.
3)Sore ( पीड़ादायक): sowr
Meaning - (of a part of one's body) painful or aching/upset and angry.
Synonyms - irritating, agonizing, vexed, displeasing
Antonyms - healthy,fine,happy
Example - Several rounds of basketball left the players legs sore and aching.
4)Anticipate ( पूर्वानुमान): anty-si-pate
Meaning - ready for something to occur
Synonyms - expect, foresee, predict
Antonyms - dread,unpredictable
Example - If we follow the timeline, we anticipatewe should have the project completed before August 12.
5)Undertake ( दायित्व लेना): under-take
Meaning - to commit oneself to an obligation
Synonyms - tackle, take on, accept, shoulder, handle, manage,
Antonyms - neglect, forgo
Example - Without anyone to undertake the running of the operations, the sick business owner was forced to close the doors.
6)Tempting( मोहक): tem-pt-ing
Meaning - appealing to or attracting someone, even if wrong or unwise.
Synonyms - enticing, alluring, attractive, appealing, inviting, captivating
Antonyms - off-putting, uninviting, unappetizing, undesirable, unattractive
Example -The company offered the meritorious student a tempting financial offer in his second year of college.
7)Mammoth ( विशाल): mai-math
Meaning - huge, very large
Synonyms - enormous, gigantic, giant, colossal, massive, vast
Antonyms - tiny, small, minute
Example - Jeff works for a mammoth-sized corporation that hires lakhs of employees all over the world.
*Idiom/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Under the Carpet (Idiom) (सबकी जानकारी से छुपाना):
Meaning - To ignore, deny, or conceal from public view or knowledge something that is embarrassing, unappealing, or damaging to one's reputation.
Synonyms -conceal,hide,suppress
Antonyms -reveal,expose,show,disclose,confess
Example - You need to stop sweeping your problems under the carpet. Nothing will get resolved like that!
8)Go by (Phrasal Verb)(के अनुसार चलना):
Meaning - to base an opinion on something/to use something as a basis for a judgment or action/to accept what someone or something says when you are deciding what to do or think
Synonyms - follow,adopt,observe
Antonyms -ignore,neglect
Example - If they prove that I was wrong, then I'llgo by what they say.
8)Beyond the horizon (Idiom) (अनुमानित की जा सकने की संभावित सीमा से आगे):
Meaning -Farther than the possible limit of sight; beyond what one is able to foresee, know, or anticipate
Synonyms -distant,far-flung,far-off,dreamy
Antonyms -close,near
Example - My mind wandered out beyond the horizon, trying topicture what my life would look like 10 years from now.
**Challenging Words in the Article - * 13/02/2018
1)Allure( आकर्षित करना,फुसलाना, बहलाना ): uh-loor
Meaning - the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating (Noun) /powerfully attract or charm (Verb)
Synonyms - attract, lure, entice, tempt,captivate
Antonyms - revolt, disgust, repulse, sicken, repulse
Example - Because I love the allure of the ocean waters, I enjoy spending time at the beach.
2)Patronage (noun) (संरक्षण,सहायता): patro-naj
Meaning - support or sponsorship/ support given by a patron/the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Synonyms - sponsorship, backing, funding, financing, philanthropy, promotion
Antonyms - blockage, hindrance,discouragement,disapproval
Example - Since patronage of the food kitchen has decreased, we have had to reduce the number of meals we serve the homeless each day.
3)Spur(verb) (प्रेरणा): es-pur
Meaning - to motivate an individual or group into action/a thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive.
Synonyms - stimulus, incentive, encouragement, stimulant
Antonyms - disincentive, discouragement
Example -When the recruiter spoke to the students, he hoped his talk would spur some of the young people into entering the military.
4)Crackdown (noun) (कार्रवाई): krack-daun
Meaning - a series of severe measures to restrict undesirable or illegal people or behaviour.
Synonyms - clampdown, getting tough, repression, suppression, abolition, elimination, eradication, end
Antonyms - abet, aid, assist, back, help, prop up, support
Example - The police began a crackdown on illegal parking.
5)Derivative (noun) (यौगिक): deri-vay-tive
Meaning - an object or idea that is produced from something else
Synonyms - secondary, secondhand,unoriginal,consequent, resultant
Antonyms - fundamental, nonderivative, first, primary,basic
Example - Shahid and Mira named their child Misha as it is a derivative of both of the names.
6)Bourses (noun) (शेयर बाजार): burse
Meaning - a stock market in a non-English-speaking country, especially France/the Paris stock exchange.
Example - The top 40 companies on the Paris bourse have been pulling in record profits.
7)Offshore(adjective) (समुद्र में तट से दूर): off-sore
Meaning - located some distance from the shore/made, situated, or registered abroad,
Synonyms - seaward, asea
Antonyms - onshore
Example - Rich people often use offshore banks in an effort to avoid paying taxes.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
8)Knee-Jerk Response (idiom/adjective) (कारण या तथ्यों की जांच के बिना तत्काल प्रतिक्रिया): nee-jurk-res-ponse
Meaning -automatic and unthinking reaction/ an immediate reaction made without examining cause or facts.
Synonyms -immediate,spontaneous,instinctive, instinctual
Antonyms - calculated, conscious, aforethought, careful, forethoughtful, measured, reasoned, thoughtful
Example - In a knee-jerk reaction after the big defeat, the coach dropped many of the players and fielded a new look team for the next match.
9)Take-off (adjective) (उड़ना,सफल हो जाना): take-off
Meaning - (of an enterprise or a plan) become successful or popular.
Synonyms - succeed, catch on, progress, prosper, flourish, thrive, boom, turn out well, work (out)
Antonyms - fail, flop
Example -The newly launched electronic newspaper has really taken off.
10)Rein-in (phrasal verb) (रोकना): rein-in
Meaning - to limit or control (someone or something)
Synonyms -control, curb, halt, prevent
Antonyms -allow, assist, continue
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*12/02/2018
1)Murky (adjective) (संदिग्ध ): Mur-key
Meaning - obscure or morally questionable/dark and gloomy
Synonyms - questionable, suspicious, suspect, dubious, dark, mysterious, secret
Antonyms- innocent,clear,blameless,unimpeachable
Example -The man gave a murky explanation when he was asked about the sad boy with him in the train.
2)Rapacious (adjective)(लालची): rapay-si-us
Meaning - aggressively greedy
Synonyms - greedy, avaricious, acquisitive, covetous, mercenary, materialistic
Antonyms - generous, liberal, lavish, magnanimous
Example - Because of its rapacious appetite, the shark is often considered to be more of an eating machine than a living creature.
3)Abeyance (noun) (दुविधा): abey-ance
Meaning - a state of temporary disuse or suspension
Synonyms - suspension, uncertainty, dormancy, latency
Antonyms - in hand, under way, continuing, continue, resume
Example - Trading on the stock market has temporarily been put in abeyance while the trade commission investigates financial misdeeds.
4)Fouled (adjected)(अशुद्ध करना): fol-d
Meaning - make dirty or pollute something
Synonyms - taint, dirty, stain, blacken
Antonyms - sanitize, clean
Example -The factories which fouled the atmosphere must be banned.
5)Contaminate (adjective)(दूषित करना): contam-inate
Meaning - to make something dirty, dangerous or less pure
Synonyms -befoul, defile, foul, poison, pollute,
Antonyms - decontaminate, purify, cleanse, distil, disinfect
Example -A boil order would be put into effect because an unknown substance had begun tocontaminate the local water.
6)Unveil (verb)(खोलना): un-vil
Meaning - to reveal or show something
Synonyms - disclose, divulge, expose, let on (about), spill, tell,bare
Antonyms - camouflage, disguise
Example - During the meeting, the CEO will unveilhis plans for the future of the company.
7)Inexplicable (adverb)(बेवजह): in-expli-cable-e
Meaning - incapable of being explained or interpreted/impossible to explain
Synonyms - unaccountable, unexplainable ,absurd
Antonyms- logical, rational, reasonable, tenable, understandable
Example - Because the weather was clear and sunny a few moments ago, the sudden thunderstorm is inexplicable.
8)Pre-empt (verb) (अग्रिम में कार्य करना): pre-empt
Meaning - take action in order to prevent (an anticipated event) happening/acquire or appropriate (something) in advance.
Synonyms - forestall, advance act, occupy, seize, arrogate
Antonyms - delay
Example -Many tables in the restaurant were already pre-empted by family parties.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
9)lay down (phrasal verb) – ( निर्धारित करना) : lay-daun
Meaning - to state officially what someone must do or how they must do it/to put into effect through legislative or authoritative action
Synonyms - constitute, formulate, enact, legislate, prescribe,make, ordain, pass
Antonyms - abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, invalidate, repeal, nullify
Example -The European Union (EU) has laid downtough standards for water quality in member countries.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
11/02/2018
1)Ominous (adjective) ( अमंगल): Omin-as
Meaning - suggesting that something bad is going to happen in the future
Synonyms-: threatening, menacing, forbidding.
Antonyms - auspicious, bright, favourable
Example - A friendly outing took an ominous turn when the driver realized the bus brakes were no longer working.
2)Ferment (noun) ( विक्षोभ): Fer-ment
Meaning - to produce excitement or unrest
Synonyms-: intensify/become worse (of a problem because of long-negligence).
Antonyms - quiet, ease, dampen
Example - The union leader hopes to fermentdissatisfaction amid the workers to force management to increase salaries.
3)Aberration (noun) – ( विपथन, पथभ्रष्टता, गुमराह ): Ab-er-ashun
Meaning - deviating from what is normal or desirable, not typical
Synonyms-: anomaly, deviation/departure/divergence, mistake.
Antonyms - regularity, normality, soundness , sameness
Example - In a moment of aberration, she agreed to marry him even there was no reason to like him.
4) Inexorably (adverb) ( अनवरत रूप से): In-exor-abl-e
Meaning -in a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.
Synonyms-: unstoppable, obvious
Antonyms - avoidably, gently,unnecessarily
Example - The conflict was to lead inexorably in election keeping in mind the tough situation between the two parties.
5)Dissension (noun) ( कलह): Dis-enshun
Meaning - a disagreement that leads to arguing and discord
Synonyms-: disagreement, dispute.
Antonyms - agreement, concurrence, harmony
Example - Religion caused so much dissension in the family that the controversial topic was banned from the dinner table.
6)Turmoil (noun)( उथल-पुथल): Tur-mawl
Meaning - a state of confusion or disorder
Synonyms-: confusion, disorder, agitation/disruption.
Antonyms - calm, peace
Example - The mayor was not reelected to his office because of his inability to bring the city out of financial turmoil.
7)Posterity (noun) ( भावी पीढ़ी): Pos-ter-ity
Meaning - all future generations
Synonyms-: future generations; descendants, successors.
Antonyms - Past, present
Example - Even if you do not care about posterity, you should not cause pollution if you at least care about yourself.
8)Echelon () ( विभाग): Ech-lon
Meaning - a rank or position in society or in an organization
Synonyms-: level, rank, grade (in an organization).
Example - Because Satya is at the highestechelon of his company, he receives a huge salary.
9)Convene (verb) ( इकट्ठा करना): Con-vene
Meaning - to gather for a reason
Synonyms-: assemble, gather, meet.
Antonyms - disperse, divide, scatter
Example - Tomorrow morning, the teachers willconvene in the cafeteria to discuss the dress code.
10)Delineate (verb) ( चित्रित करना): Deli-ni-ate
Meaning - to clearly describe or portray something
Synonyms-: describe, define, outline.
Antonyms - confuse, distort
Example - Computer programs which candelineate faces are very helpful to law enforcement agencies
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu* 10/02/2018
1)Hitherto (adverb)(अब तक): Hether-to
Meaning - until now or until the point in time under discussion.
Synonyms - previously, formerly, earlier, so far, thus far, before
Antonyms - afterwards, later, subsequently hereupon, thereupon
Example - Before John learned to fly an aeroplane, he had hitherto been afraid of heights.
2)Dovish (adverb)(शांतिपूर्ण): do-vis
Meaning - supporting discussion or other peaceful solutions in political relationships rather than the use of force
Synonyms - peaceful, diplomatic, accommodating.
Antonyms -agitated, turbulent, disturbed
Example - Since becoming president in 1993 he has encouraged dovish leaders to move on the path to peace.
3)Incipient (adjective) (उत्पन्न होनेवाला) : in-sip-ent
Meaning - just beginning to appear or develop
Synonyms - initial, developing, growing.
Antonyms -conclusion,end,finish
Example - The best way to stop the disease from spreading is by identifying it while it is incipient.
4)Exemplify (verb) (उदाहरण देना) : exem-pli-fie
Meaning - to show or illustrate by example
Synonyms - illustrate, demonstrate, instance.
Antonyms - becloud, blur, cloud, darken, fog
Example - The citizenship trophies are presented to exemplify the best examples of good citizenship among the student body.
5)Stand pat (noun) (अटल होना) : stand-pat
Meaning - stick stubbornly to one's opinion or decision.
Synonyms - holdout, resist, stay put, rigid, unyielding
Antonyms -facile,flexible,pliable
Example -Head coach Tom Higgins is standing pat on his team and will go with the same 40 men he used last week.
6)Upshot (noun) – (परिणाम) : up-shot
Meaning -the final or eventual outcome or conclusion of a discussion, action, or series of events.
Synonyms - result, consequence, outcome, out-turn, effect, reaction
Antonyms - cause, origin, initial
Example - The upshot of the meeting was that he was elected chief economic officer of the company.
7)Hover (verb) (मंडराना) : ho-var
Meaning - to remain near a place or individual
Synonyms - drift, flicker, waver, poise, linger
Antonyms -settle,rest
Example - Because I was sick a lot when I was a child, my mother would always hover over me.
8)Loom (adjective) (असन्तुष्ट) : loom-ing
Meaning - (of an event regarded as threatening) seem about to happen/appearing as a visible thread
Synonyms - threaten,menace,impend,emerge
Antonyms -defend,assist,protect
Example -There is a financial crisis looming in China.
9)Vigilance (noun) (जागरूकता) : vigi-lance
Meaning - the state of keeping a careful watch for danger
Synonyms - watchfulness, careful observation, surveillance, attentiveness, attention, alertness
Antonyms - inattentiveness,ignore,neglect
Example - Lack of vigilance caused the Titanic to crash into an iceberg that no one saw coming.
Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
10)Keep something/someone in check (phrase) (नियंत्रित करना) :
Meaning -to control someone or something that might cause damage or harm to keep under control; curb/restrain, hold back.
Synonyms - curb,restrain,hold back,check
Antonyms - release,encourage
Example - You know, bats are actually good to have around because they keep the mosquitos in check.
11)In something’s/someone's shadow (phrase) (कम ध्यान प्राप्त करना) :
Meaning -Given less attention or thought of as less notable, important, or successful compared to someone else.
Example - He's been struggling to get out from under his father's shadow during his political career.
12)Head off (phrasal verb) (रोकना) : head-of
Meaning - to prevent something from taking place
Synonyms - avoid, put an end to, stop, divert
Antonyms -allow, permit, promote
Example - The police acted quickly and managed to head off a violent confrontation.
13)Lay out (phrasal verb) (रूपरेखा) : lay-aaut
Meaning -to arrange something according to a detailed plan/to spread something out, or to arrange things so you can see them easily
Synonyms - outline, draw up, formulate.
Antonyms - disorganize
Example - They had already laid out a substantial sum for the weddings
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Succour (noun) (परेशानी में सहायता) : su-kur
Meaning -assistance and support in times of hardship and distress.
Synonyms - aid, help, support,relief.
Antonyms -hindrance,blockage,hurt
Example - The Red Cross is dedicated to providing succor and support to families who have been displaced by natural disasters.
2)Steeply (adjective) (तेजी से) : es-teep-li
Meaning -by a very large or sudden amount.
Synonyms - sharply, suddenly, largely.
Antonyms - gentle, gradual, moderate, soft
Example - Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.
3)Cohort (noun) (जत्था) : co-hort
Meaning -a group of people with a shared characteristic.
Synonyms - group, associate, companion
Antonyms - Individual
Example - Tests were carried out by teachers on the entire cohort of eight to nine-year-old student in at primary school.
4)Starkly (adverb)(अप्रिय, बेस्वाद) : stark-li
Meaning -in a way that is severe or harsh in appearance or outline/in an unpleasantly or sharply clear way.
Synonyms - blunt, bald, bare, simple, straightforward
Antonyms - :fuzzy, indistinct, pleasant, comfortable, ornate
Example - Their apartment is starkly furnished; all they have is a table and a couple of chairs, and a mattress on the floor to sleep on.
5) Threshold (noun) (शुरूआत,दहलीज़) : thre-sh-hold
Meaning -a level, rate, or amount at which something comes into effect.
Synonyms - lower limit, starting point, minimum, margin
Antonyms -end
Example - The company was forced to sell many of their most valuable assets when the decline in their product sales reached a critical threshold.
6)Outlay (noun) (व्यय) : out-lay
Meaning -an amount of money spent on something.
Synonyms - expenditure, expenses, spending, outgoings
Antonyms -savings, income
Example -The best business is one with a small outlay and with no risk involved.
7)Reimbursement (noun) (अदायगी) : re-imburse-ment
Meaning -the action of repaying a person who has spent or lost money.
Synonyms - refund, repay
Antonyms - deprive, penalize, take
Example - The insurance provides reimbursement of the expenses actually incurred as a result of an accident or sickness that do not exceed any amount specified in the policy.
8)Laudable (adjective) (प्रशंसनीय) : laud-able
Meaning -(of an action, idea, or aim)deserving to be praised or admired
Synonyms - praiseworthy, commendable, admirable, meritorious
Antonyms - blameworthy, shameful
Example - The soldier was given a medal because he created a laudable plan for defeating the enemy.
9)Insofar as (phrase) (जहां तक कि) : in-so-fur-as
Meaning - to the extent or degree that
Synonyms - inasmuch as, insomuch as, insomuch that, so far as
Example - We agree only insofar as the budget is concerned.
10)In lieu of (noun) (के स्थान पर) : in-lew-of
Meaning - In place of; instead of.
Synonyms - instead, as an alternative, as a substitute.
Antonyms -as well, as well as
Example - In lieu of flowers and gifts, please send donations to the old age home.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
08/02/2018
1)Scrap (verb) (रद्द करना) : es-krap
Meaning -discard or remove from service/abolish or cancel (a plan, policy, or law).
Synonyms - abandon, remove, cancel, eliminate
Antonyms -keep, restore, preserve
Example -He supports the idea that road tax should be scrapped.
2)Accrue (verb) (वृद्धि होना) : ak-ru
Meaning - accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time/(of a benefit or sum of money) be received by someone in regular or increasing amounts over time
Synonyms - arise, accumulate, grow, ensue
Antonyms -decrease,dissipate,disperse
Example - Even though a traditional savings count will accrue a small amount of interest every year, other types of investments are better hedges against inflation.
3)Distortionary (adjective) (विकृत) : dis-tor-s-nary
Meaning - The act or an instance of giving a misleading or false account or impression of.
Synonyms - misrepresenting, twisting, misreporting
Antonyms - truth
4)Equity (noun) (मूल्य, स्वामित्व,) : ek-vity
Meaning - the value of the shares issued by a company./the quality of being fair and impartial.
Synonyms - value, worth, ownership, rights, proprietorship
Example -He owns 62% of the Tata group's equity
5)Erosion (noun) (गिरावट) : ero-zun
Meaning - the gradual destruction or diminution of something.
Synonyms - destruction, deterioration, spoiling,weakening.
Antonyms - gain, increase
Example - Due to the erosion of support for the Congress party, it is almost congress mukt Bharat.
6)Well off (noun) (धनी) : well-off
Meaning - having goods, property, or money in abundance
Synonyms - rich, wealthy, affluent
Antonyms -unaffluent deprived, disadvantaged
Example - Higher tax rates are levied on the well-off by the government.
7)Tough love (noun) – (किसी व्यक्ति की एक लत या अन्य समस्या को दूर करने में उनकी मदद करने के लिए उनके साथ बहुत सख्त होने का अभ्यास प्रक्रिया) :
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
06/01/2018
1)Vexatious (adjective) (खिजलानेवाला) : vex-ashi-us
Meaning -causing or tending to cause annoyance, frustration, or worry.
Synonyms - annoying, vexing, irritating, irksome, displeasing, infuriating
Antonyms - delightful, pleasing
Example - Vexatious security checks annoyed the hurried travellers who just wanted to get to their destination quickly.
2)Tyranny (noun) (उत्पीड़न, प्रजा पीड़क शासन) : ti-rany
Meaning -excessively cruel use of power/cruel and oppressive government or rule.
Synonyms - despotism, absolutism, absolute power, autocracy, dictatorship
Antonyms - democracy, liberality
Example -Working together, the two countries hoped they could uproot the dictator and free the small nation from tyranny.
3)Frugal (adjective) ( सरल और साद ा, किफ़ायती) : fru-gal
Meaning - simple and plain and costing little/sparing or economical as regards money or food.
Synonyms - meagre, scanty, scant, paltry, skimpy
Antonyms - lavish, sumptuous, lush, costly, opulent, grand
Example - Be more frugal with your expenses, and you will not be in debt.
4)Grandiose (adjective) ( भव्य ) : gran-di-ose
Meaning -extravagantly or pretentiously imposing in appearance or style/appearing to be impressive but not really possible or practical
Synonyms - magnificent, impressive, grand, imposing
Antonyms - unimpressive, humble, modest
Example - Always producing grandiose plans will never work,until you work hard for them.
5)Unremunerative (adjective) ( अलाभकारी) : un-rim-une-rative
Meaning -bringing little or no profit or income.
Synonyms - futile, unprofitable, worthless, valueless.
Antonyms - fruitful, productive, worthwhile
Example - The present management reported that the land was unremunerative and lying idle.
6)Unerring (adjective) ( सही ढंग से) : en-rang-ly
Meaning - always right or accurate.
Synonyms - unfailing, infallible, unswerving, perfect, flawless,
Antonyms - : fallible, imperfect
Example - After years of experience in the police, the detective had an unerring instinct that told him when someone was lying.
7)Construe (verb) ( अर्थ लगाना,आशय बतलाना) : cons-true
Meaning -interpret (a word or action) in a particular way/to clarify what something means
Synonyms - interpret, understand, read, see, take
Antonyms - befog, cloud confound, confuse, obfuscate
Example - What may seem helpful behaviour to you can be construed as interference by others.
8)Belie (verb) ( झुठलाना,उचित ठहराने में विफल) : bi-lie
Meaning -(of an appearance) fail to give a true impression of (something)/fail to fulfil or justify (a claim or expectation).
Synonyms - camouflage, cloak, conceal, counterfeit, disguise, hide
Antonyms - disclose, discover, evince, exhibit,
Example - Some actresses good looks belie the truth about their real age.
9)Clamour (noun) – ( हंगामा , विरोध) : cla-mur
Meaning -a loud complaint about something or a demand for something/a loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting
Synonyms - outburst, protest, complaints, outcry, commotion.
Antonyms - silence,calm,order,peace
Example - After the bombing, there was a public clamour for vengeance.
10)Peg at (verb) ( सीमा तय करना) : peg-at
Meaning - fix (a price, rate, or amount) at a particular level.
Synonyms - hold down, keep down, fix, set, hold, control, freeze, limit
Example - The Bank wants to peg interest rates at 9%.
11)Dwindle (adjective) ( क्षीण होना) : dwind-ling
Meaning -diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength.
Synonyms - – diminish, decrease, reduce
Antonyms - elongate, extend, lengthen, prolong
Example - As the number of workers began todwindle because of the cutbacks, the workload of each person became intolerable.
12)Ameliorative (verb) ( सुधारात्मक,उन्नति करनेवाला) : ame-lio-ra-tive
Meaning -to make something better or easier in some way
Synonyms - curative reformed, improved, revamped
Antonyms -harmful, injurious, damaging
Example - Ameliorative steps need to be taken to handle the worsening situation of religious intolerance.
13)Tug of war (noun) (रस्साकशी, शक्ति पर विवाद) : tug-of-war
Meaning - a situation in which two evenly matched people or factions are striving to keep or obtain the same thing.
Synonyms - battle, combat, competition, conflict, confrontation
Antonyms - concord, harmony, peace
Example - There was a constant tug-of-war between the military and the President in Pakistan.
*Challenging Words in the Article - * 3/02/2018
1)Exacerbate (verb) ( ख़राब करना) : ex-acer-bate
Meaning - to increase the severity or worsen
Synonyms - aggravate, worsen, inflame
Antonyms - calm, reduce
Example - Not paying your taxes will onlyexacerbate your financial problems in the future.
2) Prune (verb) ( छटना) : pru-n
Meaning - reduce the extent of (something) by removing superfluous or unwanted parts/
Synonyms - reduce, reduce, cut, trim, cut down, decrease.
Antonyms - elongate, extend, lengthen
Example - Firms are cutting investment and pruning their product ranges as well as workforce due to recession.
3) Evasion (noun) ( टालना) : eva-zun
Meaning - the act of escaping from or avoiding (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery.
Synonyms - avoidance, dodging, eluding, elusion, sidestepping
Antonyms - confrontation
Example -The rich politician was arrested for tax evasion.
4) Woe (noun) ( विलाप) : vo
Meaning -great sorrow or distress (often used hyperbolically).
Synonyms - misery, sorrow, distress, wretchedness, sadness, unhappiness
Antonyms - happiness, joy
Example - He told me a real tale of woe about how he had lost both his job and his house in the same week.
5) Chink (noun) – ( कमजोर बिंदु) : chi-nk
Meaning - a small narrow opening
Synonyms - weak point, opening, gap.
Example - Sunlight entered the room through a chink in the curtains.
6) Glacial (adjective) ( बहुत धीमी गति से) : gly-sial
Meaning - extremely slow/extremely cold
Synonyms - crawling, creeping, dallying, dawdling, dilator
Antonyms - expeditious, warm, prompt, accelerated
Example - Progress on the women reservation bill has been glacial in the parliament.
7)Reckon (verb) ( अनुमान लगाना) : rek-on
Meaning - to anticipate a specific thing will occur
Synonyms - calculate, work out; estimate, evaluate.
Antonyms - abandon, cancel, disbelieve
Example - Economic analysts reckon the economy is improving because fewer people are filing for unemployment benefits.
8)Strip (of) (verb) ( वंचित करना) : strip-of
Meaning - to take something, such as status or property, away from someone or something.
Synonyms - dispossess, deprive, divest.
Antonyms - affluent, flush, loaded, moneyed, opulent
Example - The court stripped him of all his property due to his involvement in terror attacks
9) Inertia (noun) ( निष्क्रियता) : iner-sia
Meaning - the tendency to continue being motionless or inactive
Synonyms - inactivity, inaction/apathy, resistance to change.
Antonyms - activity, energy
Example - The inertia of the police force allowed the murder suspect to easily slip out of the country.
10) Macroeconomic (adjective) – ( पूर्वानुमान) : macro-eco-nomic
Meaning-: Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole. It focuses on the aggregate changes in the economy such as unemployment, growth rate, gross domestic product and inflation
11)Current account deficit (noun) (चालू खाता घाटा)
Meaning - current account deficit is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it imports exceeds the value of the goods and services it exports.
12)Fiscal deficit (noun) (राजकोषीय घाटा)
Meaning - the amount by which government expenditure exceeds income from taxation, customs duties, etc, in any one fiscal year / the difference between total expenditure and total income of the government/
*Challenging Words in the Article -*
2/01/2018
1) Prognosis (noun) ( पूर्वानुमान) : prog-noh-sis
Meaning - the predicted outcome of a situation
Synonyms - forecast, prediction, projection.
Antonyms - hindsight, ignorance, thoughtlessness
Example - Due to the company’s financialprognosis, we will probably be one of top ten industries in less than three months.
2) Nascent (adjective) (आरम्भ होता हुआ) : nay-cent
Meaning - (especially of a process or organization) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential.
Synonyms - burgeoning,fledgling,blossoming
Antonyms - dying, shrinking, withering
Example - Although our nonprofit organization is nascent, we have already raised over a half a million dollars in four months.
3) Sanguine ( adjective) (आशावादी) : san-gwine
Meaning - optimistic, hopeful, or confident about the future
Synonyms - buoyant, confident, cheerful, cheery, bright, assured
Antonyms - pessimistic, gloomy
Example - The bank manager did not feelsanguine about recovering the loan.
4) Onus (noun) – (दायित्व) : o-nus
Meaning - the responsibility for something
Synonyms - responsibility, duty, burden.
Antonyms - irresponsibility , absurdity , lunacy
Example - It is the onus of the applicant to fill out the application details completely and correctly.
5) Calibrate (verb) (जांच करना) : cali-brate
Meaning -to quantify in a careful and detailed manner
Synonyms - assess,modify,regulate.
Antonyms - neglect, ignore
Example - Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.
6) Mitigation (noun) (शमन,अल्पीकरण) : miti-gay-shun
Meaning - the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Synonyms - alleviation, reduction, diminution, lessening
Antonyms - intensification, boosting, sharpening, strengthening, augmentation
Example - Because the police force has done very little for the mitigation of crime in our neighbourhood, it is not safe to go out after dark.
7) Exemplary (adjective) (अनुकरणीय) : exem-ple-ri
Meaning - something so good that it is an example for others to follow
Synonyms - perfect, ideal/model, flawless.
Antonyms - deplorable, unworthy
Example - The men and women of the armed forces are exemplary citizens who put the needs of others before their own needs.
8) Vigilant (adjective) (जागरूक) : vigi-lant
Meaning - watchful, especially for danger or disorder
Synonyms - watchful, on the lookout, observant.
Antonyms - negligent, inattentive
Example - As the Secretary of Defense, it is your responsibility to remain vigilant to threats against Homeland Security.
9) Choke off (phrasal verb) (रोकना,बाधा डालना) : choke-off
Meaning - to stop or obstruct someone/something (positive) from happening.
Synonyms - terminate, impede, hinder, hamper, block
Antonyms - facilitate, help, further
Example - They warned the Chancellor that raising taxes in the Budget could choke off the recovery.
10) Paint the picture of (phrase) (वर्णन करना)
Meaning - to describe or show something in a particular way
Synonyms - tell, describe, outline.
Antonyms - distort, falsify, garble, misdescribe, misrepresent
Example - The statistics of Indian Economy do notpaint an optimistic picture.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*1/02/2018
1) Glaring (adjective) (स्पष्ट) : glay-aring
Meaning - highly obvious or conspicuous.
Synonyms - obvious, flagrant, blatant, inescapable.
Antonyms - minor, inconspicuous
Example - There were several glaring inconsistencies in his report.
2) Allay (verb) (निराकरण करना) : aa-lay
Meaning - diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry).
Synonyms - reduce, decrease, lessen.
Antonyms -increase, intensify
Example -Even though the president has apologized for his lack of action during the crisis, his statement has done nothing to allay public anger.
3)Tap (verb) (उपयोग करना) : tap
Meaning - exploit or draw a supply from (a resource).
Synonyms - draw on, exploit, make use of, use , utilize
Antonyms - ignore, neglect misapply, misuse
Example - I tried to tap into my memory to find the answer I was looking for, but I was unable to remember what I needed to.
4) Ailing (adjective) (बीमार) : ai-ling
Meaning - In poor health or condition
Synonyms - failing, weak
Antonyms -healthy, strong, successful
Example -Ailing Indian sports need to be revived by Government.
5) Overshooting (verb) ((एक वित्तीय लक्ष्य या सीमा) से अधिक) - over-shooting
Meaning - exceed (a financial target or limit) , to spend more than planned to.
Synonyms- Overrunning, overtaking
Example - The government usually have to overshoot its original spending target.
6) Slack (adjective) (ढीला) - slack
Meaning - not held tightly in position , not doing work properly.
Synonyms - Loose, slow, sluggish
Antonyms - Desirous, diligent, active
Example - He accused the government of slackness and complacency.
7) Credibility (noun)(विश्वसनीयता) - credi-bi-lity
Meaning - the quality of being trusted and believed in.
Synonyms - Trustworthiness, reliability, veracity
Antonyms - Incredibility, deceit
Example - The police nowadays have lost their credibility.
8) Meltdown (noun) (मंदी) - melt-down
Meaning - a disastrous collapse or breakdown.
Synonyms - Blowout, breakdown, debacle
Antonyms - Positive outcome
Example - Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
9) Recapitalise (noun) (पुन: पूँजीकरण ) : re-cap-ti-lize
Meaning -provide (a business) with more capital, especially by replacing debt with stock.
Synonyms - Hedge, taper
Example - A corporation, or an industry, is sustainable only when it continually reinvents andrecapitalizes itself to meet changing business requirements.
10) Haircut (noun) (लिखित मूल्य में कमी): hair-cut
Meaning - a reduction in the mentioned value of an asset.
*Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu*
31/1/2018
1) Spurt (noun) (उछाल) : es-purt
Meaning - an unexpected short increase in activity, development or effort
Synonyms - sprint, burst, flare, flare-up, flash, flicker
Antonyms - calm, doldrums, slump
Example - With a spurt of energy, Raman was able to cross over the finish line and won the race.
2) Brace (verb) ( तैयार रहना) : bray-s
Meaning - to prepare for use by making stronger/prepare (someone) for something difficult or unpleasant.
Synonyms - gear up, stabilize, gird, strengthen, fortify, bolster
Antonyms - weaken, die down, ease off, sap, undermine
Example -Soldiers in the capital are bracing themselves against an expected attack by rebel forces.
3) Rally (noun) (सुधार) : ra-li
Meaning - recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise.
Synonyms - recovery, improve, get better, pick up, revive, rebound,
Antonyms - deteriorate, worsen
Example -He floundered for a moment, thenrallied again.
4) Windfall (noun) (अप्रत्याशित) : vind-faal
Meaning -an unanticipated benefit, usually monetary in nature
Synonyms - bonanza, jackpot
Antonyms - misfortune, bane and calamity
Example - The college student was thrilled when the purchase of a dollar lottery ticket won her awindfall.
5) Feel the pinch (phrase) (कठिनाई भुगतना)
Meaning - experience hardship, especially financial.
Synonyms - suffer hardship, have less money, be short of money, be poor, be impoverished,
Antonyms - rich, wealthy
Example -The recession hit us hard and many of our customers have been feeling the pinch.
6) Hedge (noun) (सुरक्षा) : hej
Meaning - a way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances.
Synonyms - safeguard, protection, shield, screen, guard, buffer, cushion
Antonyms - expose, neglect, attack, harm
Example -Index-linked gilts are a useful hedgeagainst inflation.
7) Undue (adjective) (अनुपयुक्त) : un-dew
Meaning - at a level that is extreme, not needed
Synonyms - excessive, extreme, immoderate.
Antonyms - due, appropriate, proper
Example -Because of undue stress, the doctor decided to take a break from working at the hospital.
8) Desist from (verb) (से बाज आना , से हटना ) : de-zist-from
Meaning - stop doing something; cease or abstain.
Synonyms - abstain, refrain, forbear, hold back
Antonyms - indulge
Example -During the swearing-in ceremony, each pledged to desist from acts of sabotage.
9) Taking a leaf out of the book (phrase) – (अनुसरण करना) :
Meaning - To do something in the way someone else would do it; to behave or act like someone else.
Synonyms - imitate, copy/reproduce, follow.
Antonyms - disregard, ignore, tune out
Example - As I am impressed by your healthy habits, I think I'm going to take a leaf out of your book and start going for a run first thing in the morning.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
29/1/2018
1) Unfettered (adjective) (निरंकुश) : un-fet-er
Meaning - release from restraint or inhibition.
Synonyms - unconfined, unrestricted, free.
Antonyms - restricted, fettered
Example -The freedoms guaranteed in our Constitution have never been unfettered.
2) Rousing (adjective) (गर्मजोशी) : rau-zing
Meaning - giving rise to excitement/making people feel excited and proud or ready to take action
Synonyms - stimulating, stirring, inspiring
Antonyms - dull, half-hearted
Example - Prime Minister delivered arousing speech on 'clean India, green India and it made citizens of the country more responsibletowards cleanliness of their country.
3) Proximity (noun) (निकटता) : proxi-miti
Meaning - the nearness of one thing or person to another / nearness in space, time, or relationship.
Synonyms-: closeness, nearness, presence, juxtaposition, propinquity
Antonyms - distance, remoteness
Example - Because of the town’s proximity to the dangerous forest, its property values are really low.
4) Foray (noun) (प्रयास) : fo-ray
Meaning - an initial attempt at something, an attempt at doing something new or something that you do not usually do.
Synonyms - attempt, effort, struggle
Antonyms - inactivity, laziness, idleness, immobility
Example - Tired of being lonely, Rachel decided to try a foray into the realm of online friendship.
5) Forge (verb) (बनाना) : forj
Meaning - to form or create something new
Synonyms - build, form, create.
Antonyms - abolish, destroy, eradicate
Example - The Prime Minister is determined toforge a good relationship with America's new leader.
6) Articulate (verb) (स्पष्ट) : art-e-kul-ate
Meaning - expressing oneself clearly
Synonyms - express, communicate, state/announce.
Antonyms - inarticulate, hesitant, unintelligible
Example - A polished speaker, Narendra was able to articulate his points during any discussion.
6) Reap (verb) (काटन ा, फल भोगना) : reep
Meaning -cut or gather (a crop or harvest) / receive (something, especially something beneficial) as a consequence of one's own or another's actions.
Synonyms - Receive, obtain, get, acquire, secure
Antonyms - plant, seed, lose
Example -The company is poised to reap the benefits of this investment"
8) Unaligned (adjective) (असंबद्ध) : un-alien-d
Meaning - not allied with or giving support to a particular organization or cause/not placed or arranged in a straight line
Synonyms - uncommitted,detached,unassociated
Antonyms - associated, aligned, accommodate
Example - Not every voter declares allegiance to a political party, but even those unaligned voters have a dizzying array of names to choose from.’
9) Consensus(noun) (आम सहमति) : con-sen-sus
Meaning - general agreement about something
Synonyms - agreement, harmony, Concord
Antonyms - :disagreement,conflict,argument
Example - If the politicians cannot reach aconsensus on the energy bill in the next few hours, they will have to continue their discussion after the holiday break.
10)In sync (phrase) (मेल में) : in-sinc
Meaning - in a state in which two or more people or things agree with or match one another and work together properly
Synonyms - synchronize, in agreement, together
Antonyms - apart,nonconcurrent
Example - The President is not in sync with the concerns of the people.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
28/1/2018
1) Syndicate (noun) (संघ) : sin-di-cate
Meaning - a group that comes together to buy, trade, invest, or negotiate, usually with large amounts of capital or goods on the line
Synonyms - trust, organization, pool, cartel
Antonyms - individual, one, single
Example - Several investors pooled their money to form a syndicate where they bought stocks and traded to amass millions.
2) Nexus (noun) – (केंद्रीय) : nex-as
Meaning - the focal place or point
Synonyms - center, junction
Antonyms - dim, blur, insignificant
Example -Today Facebook seems to be thenexus of communication.
3) Moot (verb) (विवादास्पद) : moot
Meaning -subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty/having little or no practical relevance.
Synonyms - debatable doubtful, disputable, contestable
Antonyms - certain, indubitable, unquestionable, irrefutable
Example - Because your facts come from an unverified source, your research paper is moot.
4) Gamut (noun) (एक पूरी रेंज) : ga-mut
Meaning - an entire range
Synonyms - range, scale, series, chain
Antonyms - individual, incomplete, pieces
Example - College life opened up a whole gamut of new experiences.
5) Nuance (noun) (अति सूक्ष्म अंतर) : nu-ance
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - shade, distinction, refinement
Antonyms - coarse, inexact, rough
Example - To solve the puzzle in the newspaper, you need to identify the nuance in the two seemingly identical pictures.
6)Advocacy (noun)(वकालत) : ad-vo-kay-c
Meaning - public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.
Synonyms - support for, argument for, arguing for, calling for, pushing for, pressing for
Antonyms - oppose, protest, discourage
Example - She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights.
7)Substantial (adjective) (ठोस,सामान्य से बड़ा) : subs-tan-cial
Meaning - referring to something that is greater or larger than normal
Synonyms - strong, firm, stout
Antonyms -unimportant, minor, trivial
Example - Due to his strong compassion for the charity, the businessman donated a substantialamount of money to the cause.
8) Conviction (noun) (दोषसिद्धि) : con-vik-shun
Meaning - a firmly held belief or opinion, a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
Synonyms - sentence, judgement
Antonyms - acquittal
Example -As it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.
9) Revamp (noun) (सुधार) : re-vamp
Meaning - give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
Synonyms - renovate, redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate
Antonyms - destroy, damage, abolish
Example -The public school system is undergoing a revamp due to a project in conjunction with the World Bank.
10) Prism (noun) (विशेष दृष्टिकोण) : pri-sm
Meaning - used to refer to the clarification or distortion afforded by a particular viewpoint.
Synonyms - perspective, standpoint, angle, outlook
Example -They were forced to imagine the disaster through the prism of television.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
27/01/2018
1) Naysayer (noun) (निराशावादी) : ney-sey-er
Meaning - a person who habitually expresses negative or pessimistic views/someone who says something is not possible, is not good, or will fail
Synonyms - misanthrope, cynic, pessimist
Antonyms - optimist, positivist, idealist
Example - He ignored naysayers in his party and decided to run for election.
2)Mantle (noun) (कर्तव्य) : man-tl
Meaning - the obligations or authority associated with an individual’s duties, title, or personal beliefs
Synonyms-: role, ownership, onus, responsibility, function, position
Antonyms - irresponsibility
Example - Before the king died, he passed hismantle to his eldest son.
3) Fledgling(noun) (अनुभवहीन) : flej-ling
Meaning - a person or organization who is just starting out in a field of activity/an individual or group that is inexperienced or not fully mature
Synonyms - emerging, amateur, learner
Antonyms - expert, master, pro, professional
Example - The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses.
4) Renege (veb) (मुकर जाना ) : re-neged
Meaning - to not fulfill a promise
Synonyms - back down, back off, back out, cop out, fink out
Antonyms - adhere (to), fulfil, keep, satisfy
Example - The kind manager did everything he could to ensure he would not renege on the promises he made to his employees.
5) Thrust (verb) (जोर) : thruhst
Meaning - to force something in a certain direction
Synonyms - drive, propel, shove, push
Antonyms - dive, plummet, sink, slide
Example -Sometimes, the wind will be so strong that it will thrust open an unlocked door to a building or house.
6) Slew(noun) (अधिक संख्या) : sloo
Meaning - a large number or quantity of something.
Synonyms - abundance, bunch, loads, mass
Antonyms - absence, dearth, lack, paucity
Example -The interviewer asked me a slewof questions.
7) Imperial (adjective) (साम्राज्य) : im-peer-ee-ul
Meaning - relating to an empire, emperor, or the concept of imperialism
Synonyms - august, baronial, epic, gallant, glorious
Antonyms - average, common, mediocre, ordinary
Example - During the British imperial period, India suffered greatly at the expense of their treatment.
8) Veil (verb) (ढकना) : veyl
Meaning - partially conceal, disguise, or obscure.
Synonyms - cover, hide
Antonyms - unveil, expose, uncover
Example -He made only a veiled reference to international concerns over human rights issues.
9) Amend (verb) (संशोधन) : aa-mend
Meaning - to make better, to correct or to make something fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances.
Synonyms - revise, alter, modify, rectify, reform,
Antonyms - damage, harm, injure, spoil, tarnish, vitiate
Example - After proving that I was truly born on a different date, they agreed to amend my birth certificate
Good Morning Readers!
26/01/2018
Today’s article, 'Reform with caution — on criminal justice system' has been picked from 'The Indian Express'
This article talks about the Centre’s decision to revisit the 2003 report of the Justice V.S. Malimath Committee on reforming the criminal justice system. The article says that the Centre must act on the Malimath report which is based on restructuring criminal law, but it also suggests that the Centre must do it with due diligence.
Reform with caution — on criminal justice system
Challenging Words in the Article -
1) Syndicate (noun) (संघ) : sin-di-cate
Meaning - a group that comes together to buy, trade, invest, or negotiate, usually with large amounts of capital or goods on the line
Synonyms - trust, organization, pool, cartel
Antonyms - individual, one, single
Example - Several investors pooled their money to form a syndicate where they bought stocks and traded to amass millions.
2) Nexus (noun) – (केंद्रीय) : nex-as
Meaning - the focal place or point
Synonyms - center, junction
Antonyms - dim, blur, insignificant
Example -Today Facebook seems to be thenexus of communication.
3) Moot (verb) (विवादास्पद) : moot
Meaning -subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty/having little or no practical relevance.
Synonyms - debatable doubtful, disputable, contestable
Antonyms - certain, indubitable, unquestionable, irrefutable
Example - Because your facts come from an unverified source, your research paper is moot.
4) Gamut (noun) (एक पूरी रेंज) : ga-mut
Meaning - an entire range
Synonyms - range, scale, series, chain
Antonyms - individual, incomplete, pieces
Example - College life opened up a whole gamut of new experiences.
5) Nuance (noun) (अति सूक्ष्म अंतर) : nu-ance
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - shade, distinction, refinement
Antonyms - coarse, inexact, rough
Example - To solve the puzzle in the newspaper, you need to identify the nuance in the two seemingly identical pictures.
6)Advocacy (noun)(वकालत) : ad-vo-kay-c
Meaning - public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.
Synonyms - support for, argument for, arguing for, calling for, pushing for, pressing for
Antonyms - oppose, protest, discourage
Example - She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights.
7)Substantial (adjective) (ठोस,सामान्य से बड़ा) : subs-tan-cial
Meaning - referring to something that is greater or larger than normal
Synonyms - strong, firm, stout
Antonyms - unimportant, minor, trivial
Example - Due to his strong compassion for the charity, the businessman donated a substantialamount of money to the cause.
8) Conviction (noun) (दोषसिद्धि) : con-vik-shun
Meaning - a firmly held belief or opinion, a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
Synonyms - sentence, judgement
Antonyms - acquittal
Example -As it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.
9) Revamp (noun) (सुधार) : re-vamp
Meaning - give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
Synonyms - renovate, redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate
Antonyms - destroy, damage, abolish
Example -The public school system is undergoing a revamp due to a project in conjunction with the World Bank.
9) Prism (noun) (विशेष दृष्टिकोण) : pri-sm
Meaning - used to refer to the clarification or distortion afforded by a particular viewpoint.
Synonyms - perspective, standpoint, angle, outlook
Example -They were forced to imagine the disaster through the prism of television.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
25/1/2918
1) Unfathomable(adjective) (अपरिमेय) : un-fath-uh-muh-bull
Meaning - incapable of being fully explored, impossible to comprehend or understand
Synonyms - inscrutable, incomprehensible, enigmatic, incalculable, indecipherable
Antonyms - comprehensible, penetrable
Example -The skills required to play modern video games are unfathomable to most parents.
2) Contemporary (adjective) (समकालीन) : con-tum-pur-ari
Meaning - living or occurring at the sametime, belonging to or occurring in the present.
Synonyms - modern, present-day, present, current, present-time, immediate, extant
Antonyms - old-fashioned, out of date
Example - While young people tend to prefercontemporary music, the older generation prefers to listen to music from the 1970’s and the 1980’s.
3)Alienate(verb) (हटाना ,हस्तांतरित करना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - make (someone) feel isolated or estranged ,transfer ownership of (property rights) to another person or group.
Synonyms - estrange, turn away, set apart, drive apart, isolate, detach, distance
Antonyms - unite
Example - If the president does not agree to the prime minister’s terms, he will alienate one of the nation’s strongest allies.
4) Grasp (समझ,पकड़ना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - a person's understanding(Noun) , seize and hold firmly (Verb).
Synonyms - grip, clutch, perception, apprehension, awareness
Antonyms - miss, overlook
Example - Some words in this book are so tough that they are beyond my grasp.
5) Primordial(adjective) (मौलिक) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - existing at or from the beginning of time, (especially of a feeling or state) basic and fundamental.
Synonyms-: instinctive, primitive, basic, intuitive,
Antonyms - secondary, unimportant
Example - Researchers are still trying to determine the number of planets that originally existed in the primordial galaxy.
6) Trash (verb) (verb) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - damage or destroy, criticize severely.
Synonyms - wreck, ruin, criticize, lambaste, censure
Antonyms - preservation, protection, compliment, appraise
Example -Some people always trash others no matter how good they are.
7) Leverage(verb) (इस्तेमाल) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - use (something) to maximum advantage/use borrowed capital for (an investment), expecting the profits made to be greater than the interest payable
Example - The organization needs to leverage its key resources to maximize its profit.
8)Vanish (verb) (ग़ायब हो जाना) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - disappear suddenly and completely.
Synonyms - disappear, invisible, evaporate, dissipate
Antonyms - arrive, break out, come out, emerge,
Example - The roads vanished into the fog as we drove in a chilly winter morning.
9) Presumably (adverb) (शायद) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain.
Synonyms - assume, expect, believe, presume, suppose,
Antonyms - implausibly, inconceivably, incredibly, unbelievably
Example - The jurors can presumably go home since the verdict has been read.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
24/1/2018
1) Ephemeral (verb) (अल्पकालिक) : ep-hem-ral
Meaning - lasting for a very short time.
Synonyms - transitory, transient, fleeting, passing, momentary
Antonyms - Permanent, Eternal, endless, lasting
Example - Fashions are ephemeral, new trends regularly drive out the old.
2) Envisage (verb) (परिकल्पना) : en-vis-age
Meaning - contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event.
Synonyms - foresee, predict, forecast, foretell
Antonyms - disregard, ignore
Example -You cannot envisage what the circumstances will be in twenty years' time.
3) Grappling (verb) (जूझना) : grapp-ling
Meaning - Engage in a close fight or struggle without weapons
Synonyms - wrestle, struggle, tussle
Antonyms - Agree, avoid, dodge
Example - Today, many Indians in America are still grappling with the issue of race.
4) Soar (verb) (ऊंची उड़ान भरना,इज़ाफ़ा होना) : soar-ing
Meaning - increase rapidly above the usual level.
Synonyms - shoot up, escalate, fly up
Antonyms - fall, plummet, dwindle
Example - The cost of living continued to soar in the metro cities.
5) Stray (verb) (भटकना) : Stray-ing
Meaning -Move away aimlessly from a group or from the right course or place.
Synonyms - wander off, go astray, drift, get separated
Antonyms - remain, stay
Example - The military arrested anyone whostrayed into the exclusion zone’
6) Squeeze (verb) (दबाव, हानिकारक प्रभाव होना) : es-queze
Meaning -(especially in a financial or commercial context)have a damaging or restricting effect on.
Synonyms - Force, compress, press, crush, squash
Antonyms - powerlessness, release, weakness, opening
Example - The economy is being squeezed by foreign debt repayments.
7) Populism (verb) (लोकलुभावनवाद) : popu-lism
Meaning - support for the concerns of ordinary people
Example - The French Revolution against the monarchy was an act of populism, the French citizens saw great injustice and came together as a group to fight against the King.
8) Round the corner (verb) (बहुत निकट) : Ja-ring
Meaning - very near
Synonyms - close by, nearby, next to
Antonyms - far, distant, remote
Example -As it is the month of March, summers are just round the corner.
9) Altar (verb) (बलिवेदी) : al-tar
Meaning - Make someone or something suffer in the interests of.
Synonyms - trouble, difficulty, disaster
Antonyms - ease, delight
Example - No businessman is going to sacrifice his company on the altar of such altruism.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*22/1/2018
1) Prerogative (Noun) – (परमाधिकार) - pre-rog-a-tive
Meaning - a special right, power, or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
Synonyms - entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, due
Antonyms - disadvantage, drawback, prohibition
Example - In some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich.
2) Slender (Adjective) ( क्षीण ,पतला) - slen-der
Meaning - very slim or lean, a situation which exists but only to a very small degree.
Synonyms - meagre, limited, slight, modest, scant
Antonyms - massive, abundant, obese
Example - The girl was able to slip her slenderhand right under the door frame and retrieve the keys.
3)Plebiscite (Noun) ( जनमत-संग्रह) - plebi-site
Meaning - an election in which individuals cast votes in favour of or against a major proposal or candidate
Synonyms - vote, referendum, ballot, poll
Example - The results of the plebiscite will determine whether or not the bill will become law.
4) Exaggerate (Verb) – (अतिरंजना करना) - ig-zaj-er-eyt
Meaning- represent (something) as being larger, better, or worse than it really is.
Synonyms - overstate, overemphasize, overstress, overestimate
Antonyms - minimize, depreciate, reduce
Example - The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
5) Stinging (verb) (चुभता , ताना मारता हुआ) - sting-ing
Meaning - feel or cause to feel a sharp tingling or burning pain or sensation, (typically of something said) hurt or upset (someone).
Synonyms - upset, wound, distress,incite, spur, prick
Antonyms - Gentle, mild, soothing
Example - The novel is a stinging satire on American politics.
6) Nuances (Noun) (बारीकियों) - nu-anc-es
Meaning - a subtle distinction or variation
Synonyms - fine distinction, subtle distinction/difference, shade
Example - Please be quiet so I can hear everynuance of the song!
7) Pertain (Verb) (संबद्ध होना) - per-teyn
Meaning - related or connected to the subject being referenced
Synonyms - concern, be relevant to, have relevance to, apply to, refer to, have a bearing
Antonyms - dissect, impassive
Example - All of the evidence and documents thatpertain to the robbery case were presented to the jury.
8) Apparent (Adjective) (स्पष्ट) - ap-par-ent
Meaning - clearly visible or understood; obvious
Synonyms - evident, plain, obvious, clear, manifest
Antonyms - unclear ,unrelatable ,obscure
Example - It became apparent to everyone that Charlie was a talented actor who would one day become world-famous.
9) Oblige (verb) (मजबूर करन ा, अनुगृहित करना) - uh-blahyj
Meaning - make (someone) legally or morally bound to do something, perform a good deed for someone
Synonyms - require, compel, accommodate, indulge, gratify
Antonyms - disobey, disoblige, free
Example - Doctors are obliged by law to keep patients alive while there is a chance of recovery.
10) Override (Verb) (अवहेलना) - o-ver-ride
Meaning - To use one’s authority to cancel or overrule the action or decision of another
Synonyms - disallow, overrule, countermand,
Antonyms - accept, assume, abide
Example - The president has decided to overridehis advisors’ decision and put his own plan in place.
11) Sovereignty (Noun) (संप्रभुता) - sov-rin-tee
Meaning - supreme power or authority.
Synonyms - power, authority, jurisdiction, dominion, control
Antonyms - dependence, servitude, retention
Example - The sovereignty of Holland and Zeeland was offered to the queen of England, but she declined and promised secret support.
*Challenging Words in the Article -*
1) Unprecedented (अभूतपूर्व) - Un-preci-den-ted
Meaning - never done or known before - Adjective
Synonyms - unparalleled, unequalled
Antonyms - normal, common
Example - The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.
2) Speculation (सट्टा) - Spe-kue-lay-shun
Meaning - the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence - Noun
Synonyms - conjecture, thesis
Antonyms - reality, truth
Example - Since the doctor had never seen such unusual symptoms, he could only speculate on the cause of the patient’s illness.
3) Reckless (लापरवाह) - Reck-less
Meaning - heedless of danger or the consequences of one's actions; rash or impetuous - Adjective
Synonyms - careless, heedless
Antonyms - cautious, prudent
Example - He had always been reckless with money.
4) Impulsive (आवेगशील) - Im-pul-sive
Meaning - acting or done without forethought - Adjective
Synonyms - abrupt, hasty
Antonyms - calm, sensible
Example - The impulsive woman regretted getting into the stranger’s car.
5) Credence (प्रत्यय) - Kre-den-se
Meaning - belief in or acceptance of something as true - Noun
Synonyms - acceptance, belief
Antonyms - denial, distrust
Example - Because the experiment had been performed over a hundred times, a great deal of credence was given to the results.
6) Impunity (दण्ड मुक्ति) - Im-pew-nity
Meaning - exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action - Noun
Synonyms - immunity, exception
Antonyms - denial, veto
Example - Because the internet is basically a lawless civilization, many people commit crimes online with impunity.
7) Volatile (परिवर्तनशील) - Vo-la-tile
Meaning - (of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures - Adjective
(of a person) liable to display rapid changes of emotion
Synonyms - tense, strained
Antonyms - certain, constant
Example - Sending the police inside will only make the hostage situation more volatile.
1) *Crescendo* (noun) ( चरम सीमा): cre-scen-do
Meaning - the topmost increase in size or intensity
*Synonyms* - peak, top, a high point.
*Antonyms* - Decrescendo, nadir, minimum, bottom
*Example* -During the fiery debate, the candidate’s voice reached acrescendo when his rival accused him of criminal activity.
2) *Agonisingly* (adverb) ( हद से ज़्यादा ): egg-nie-zingly
Meaning -To the extreme (related to pain)
*Synonyms*: Torturing, excruciatingly, harrowingly.
*Antonyms* - Painless
*Example* - In a very interesting match, India lost it agonisingly just by 5 runs.
3) *Resounding* (adjective)( ज़बर्दस्त ): ri-soun-ding
Meaning - Very loud , extreme or booming
*Synonyms* –huge, massive, terrific/colossal.
*Antonyms* - Quiet, peaceful, quiet
*Example* - Making a resoundingboom, the dynamite explosion could be heard from several miles away..
4) *Perseverance* (noun) ( लगन) : pur-zer-ver-ance
Meaning - resolve that allows one to continue with a duty or task regardless of difficulty or previous attempts
*Synonyms* - Persistance ,determination, Tenacity
*Antonyms* - laziness, apathy, cowardice
*Example* - The disabled young man’sperseverance allowed him to complete the marathon.
5) *Democratize* (verb) ( प्रजातंत्रीकरण करना ): de-mok-ruh-tahyz
Meaning - make (something) accessible to everyone.
*Synonyms* - equate , emulate , regularize
*Antonyms* - Disproportion, unmatch
*Example* - The magazine's goal is to democratize art.
6) *Towering* (adjective)( प्रचण्ड)): tou-er-ing
Meaning - of great importance or influence. , extremely tall, especially in comparison with the surroundings.
*Synonyms* - outstanding, eminent/incomparable, distinguished.
*Antonyms* - Short, dwarf, unimportant, low
*Example* - He remains a towering figure in modern British politics.
7) *Rivet* (verb) ( ध्यान आकर्षित करना ): riv-et-ed
Meaning -to command the attention of
*Synonyms* - fascinated, engrossed, captivated.
*Antonyms* - Disinterest, repulse, reject, ignore
*Example* - Apple Inc. knows how torivet the world’s attention by constantly releasing cutting edge technology.
8) *Etch* (verb) (उकेरना): ech
Meaning - be permanently fixed into someone’s memory,, to cut a pattern or picture into a surface especially wood, metal, or glass
*Synonyms* - Engrave, imprint, inscribe
*Antonyms* - Build, efface, neglect
*Example* - It is a very bad habit of some tourists to etch their names on historical monuments.
9) *Far-fetched* (adjective) (क्लिष्ट ) : far-fe-ched
Meaning - unlikely and unconvincing, difficult to believe
*Synonyms* - implausible, improbable, dubious
*Antonyms* - easy, achievable, realistic, plausible
*Example*: All this may sound a bit far-fetched, but companies are already developing 'intelligent' homes.
10) *Cue* (Noun) (संकेत): kyoo
Meaning - a signal (as a word, a gesture, or phrase) for somebody to do something
*Synonyms* - hint, indication, sign/signal.
*Example* -The teacher relied on her clapping cue to get students to become attentive.
11) *Opportune* (Adjective) - उपयुक्त
Meaning - (of a time) especially convenient or appropriate for a particular action or event
*Synonyms*: timely, propitious, favourable, apt, appropriate
*Antonyms* - unsuitable, inopportune, untimely, inappropriate
*Example* - Bihar CM Nitish Kumar said that he will give a befitting reply to all at an opportune time.
1. Strenuous – ज़ोरदार
Meaning – requiring or using great effort or exertion.
Synonyms – arduous, difficult, hard, tough, taxing, demanding, exacting, uphill, stiff, formidable, heavy, exhausting, tiring, fatiguing, gruelling, back-breaking, murderous, punishing; informalno picnic, killing.
Usage – “the government made strenuous efforts to upgrade the quality of the teaching profession”
2. Strive – प्रयास करते हैं
Meaning – struggle or fight vigorously.
Synonyms – try, try hard, attempt, endeavour, aim, aspire, venture, undertake, seek, make an effort, make every effort, spare no effort, exert oneself, do one’s best, do all one can, do one’s utmost, give one’s all, labour, work, toil, strain.
Usage – “scholars must strive against bias”.
3. Queasy – कोमल
Meaning – nauseous; feeling sick.
Synonyms – nauseous, nauseated, bilious, sick; seasick, carsick, trainsick, airsick, travel-sick, suffering from motion sickness, suffering from altitude sickness; ill, unwell, poorly, bad, out of sorts, dizzy, peaky, liverish, green about the gills; off, off colour; sick to one’s stomach; informalfunny, peculiar.
Usage – “in the morning he was still pale and queasy”
4. Coronation – राज तिलक करना
Meaning – the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign’s consort.
Synonyms – crowning, enthronement, enthroning, accession to the throne, investiture, anointing, inauguration.
Usage – “they built a tower to celebrate Victoria’s coronation”
5. Itinerant – चलनेवाला
Meaning – travelling from place to place.
Synonyms – travelling, peripatetic, wandering, wayfaring, roving, roaming, rambling, touring, nomadic, gypsy, migrant, migratory, ambulatory; vagrant, vagabond, homeless, of no fixed address/abode, displaced; footloose, rootless, drifting, floating, unsettled, restless; globetrotting, jet-setting.
Usage – “a market for both local and itinerant traders”
6. Gospel – सुसमाचार
Meaning – the teaching or revelation of Christ.
Synonyms – Christian teaching, Christ’s teaching, the life of Christ, the word of God, the good news, Christian doctrine.
Usage – “the Gospel was spread informally by missionaries”
7. Mawkish – कुत्सित
Meaning – sentimental in an exaggerated or false way.
Synonyms – sentimental, over-sentimental, overemotional, cloying, sickly, saccharine, sugary, syrupy, sickening, nauseating, maudlin, lachrymose, banal, trite; twee; informalmushy, slushy, sloppy, schmaltzy, weepy, cutesy, lovey-dovey, gooey, drippy, sloshy, soupy, treacly, cheesy, corny, icky, sick-making, toe-curling; informalsoppy; informalcornball, sappy, hokey, three-hanky.
Usage – “a mawkish ode to parenthood”
8. Perchance – मुमकिन है
Meaning – by some chance; perhaps.
Synonyms – by chance, by any chance, by some chance, as it may be, as it may happen, as things may turn out.
Usage – “if perchance he arrives on time”
9. Mayhem – हाथापाई
Meaning – violent or extreme disorder; chaos.
Synonyms – chaos, disorder, confusion, havoc, bedlam, pandemonium, tumult, uproar, turmoil, madness, madhouse, hullabaloo, all hell broken loose, wild disarray, disorganization, maelstrom, trouble, disturbance, commotion, riot, anarchy, destruction, violence
Usage – “furious TV bosses watched stunned as the band created mayhem onstage”
10. Pulchritude – ख़ूबसूरती
Meaning – beauty.
Usage – “the irresistible pulchritude of her friend”.
*_COMMONLY USED ENGLISH WORDS OF DUTCH ORIGIN_*
Booze(शराब पीना) = from busen (to drink in excess)
Cookie (कुकी) = from koekie (biscuit)
Cruise(समुद्र-पर्यटन) = from kruisen (to cross or to sail to and fro)
Decoy (प्रलोभन) = from de - the + kooi - a cage (used lure and capture wild fowls)
Excise (उत्पाद शुल्क) = from excijs (tax on goods)
Iceberg (हिम-शिला) = from ijsberg (literally- ice mountain)
Measles (खसरा) = from masel (blemish)
Smuggler (तस्कर) = from smokkelen (to transport (goods) illegally)
Yacht (नौका) = from jacht, short for jachtschip (literally - a hunting ship).
Daily Vocabulary ( 24 July 2017 ) : 5 Words
=======================
1. QUASH (VERB): destroy
Synonyms: quell, extirpate
Antonyms: assist, support
Example sentence:
Why do you always quash my plans?
2. QUISLING (NOUN): traitor
Synonyms: betrayer, defecator
Antonyms: faithful, steadfast
Example sentence:
He called him a quisling once.
3. QUIXOTIC (ADJECTIVE): dreamy
Synonyms: impractical, unrealistic
Antonyms: practical, pragmatic
Example sentence:
This is a quiotic situation.
4. ABATE (VERB): decrease
Synonyms: lessen, diminish
Antonyms: extend, expand
Example sentence:
Apply the ointment it will abate your pain.
5. REPRIEVE (NOUN): a cancellation or postponement of a punishment.
Synonyms: absolution, amnesty
Antonyms: accusation, denunciation
Example sentence:
Shabana accepted the death sentence and refused to appeal for a reprieve.
*WORD MEANING*
conducted – आयोजन किया
examines – जाँच
preliminary – प्रारंभिक
qualitative – गुणवत्ता
heartfelt – हार्दिक
Embrace – आलिंगन
efficient – कुशल
coefficients – गुणांक
whim – भावना
whim – रंग
arbitrary – मनमाने ढंग से
heuristic – अनुमानी
comply – पालन करना
solicit – मांगना
domineering – तानाशाही
gullible – भोला, आसानी से धोखा खानेवाला
chatty – बातूनी
nosy – सुगंधित
cynical – सनकी
conservative – रूढ़िवादी
oblivious – बेखबर
ignorant – अनजान
obsessed – ग्रस्त, पागल, जुनून सवार
bossy – शासक
Immature – अपरिपक्व
Mature – परिपक्व
authoritative – आधिकारिक
Naive – अनुभवहीन
naivete – भोलेपन
narrative – वर्णनात्मक
orphan – अनाथ
isolate – अलग-थलग
realm – क्षेत्र
preoccupation – अति व्यस्तता
affluent – धनी
redundancy – फालतूपन
in lieu, lieu – एवज में
initiative – पहल
nimble – तेज़
impedance – विरोध
Phrase – वाक्यांश
Phrasebook – शब्दकोश
persuade – राज़ी करना
underlay – बुनियाद
cause – कारण
extended – विस्तृत
exhaustive – संपूर्ण
thorough – संपूर्ण
rigorous – कठिन
unto – तक
global – वैश्विक
suicidal – आत्मघात
despondent – हताश
reservoir – जलाशय
convey – सूचित करना
demise – मृत्यु
insanity – पागलपन
Irony – व्यंग्य
prejudice – पक्षपात
Typically – आमतौर पर
determine – निर्धारित
Etiquette – शिष्टाचार
aggression – आक्रमण
unceasing – अटूट
heartless – बेरहम
heartlessness – निर्दयता
truculence – निर्दयता
provocation – उत्तेजना
violent – हिंसा करनेवाला
confront – सामना करना
readiness – तत्परता
hostile – शत्रुतापूर्ण
antipathy – घृणा
interpretation – व्याख्या
contented – संतुष्ट
Nevertheless – फिर भी
gem – मणि
profound – गहन
alchemy – रसायन विज्ञान
chaotic – अराजक
reverence – श्रद्धा
stupor – अचेतनता
Enrollment – नामांकन
rave – बड़बड़ाना
raving – पागल
Intent – इरादा
wit – बुद्धि
wits – दिमाग
oblivion – विस्मृति
lad, laddie – बालक
Barley – जौ
Oat – जई
muffin – टिकिया
Bran – भूसी, चोकर
Flakes – लच्छे
lurk – घात में रहना
sinister – भयावह
feverish – डांवांडोल
retract – वापस लेना
skeptical – उलझन में
abbreviation – संक्षिप्त नाम
stringent – कड़ी से कड़ी
peregrine – परदेशी
foreigner – विदेशी
expatriate – परदेशी
expat – प्रवासी
exile – निर्वासन
assertive – दृढ़ निश्चय वाला
empathize – सहानुभूति
gratify – कृतार्थ करना
tardy – धीमी
funky – कायरता
sedentary – गतिहीन जीवन
Proprietor – मालिक
competent – सक्षम
contingent – आकस्मिक
superfluous – ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा
closeout – नीलाम
bring into notice – ध्यान में लाना
Take cognizance of – ध्यान में लाना
rejig – बदलाव
retort – करारा जवाब
pass the buck – उत्तरदायित्व मढ़ना
precarious – अनिश्चित
defer – टालना
disseminate – प्रसारित करना
provocation – उकसावा
iconic – प्रतिष्ठित
lunatic – पागल मनुष्य
placard – दीवार पर विज्ञापन चिपकाना
placard – इश्तहार
humanitarian – मानवीय
hypertension – उच्च रक्तचाप
vigorous – जोरदार
epilepsy – मिरगी
belly – पेट
taut – तना हुआ
adores – प्यार करते हैं
adoration – आराधना
PRECISE – सटीक
vital – महत्वपूर्ण
grasp – समझ
reimbursement – भरपाई
coveted – प्रतिष्ठित
squeeze – निचोड़
feasible – संभव
liaise – संबंध स्थापित करना
pertaining – संबंधित
Fistula – नासूर
Infertility – बांझपन
Naturopathy – प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा
Venereal – कामी
convalescence – स्वास्थ लाभ
anomaly – विसंगति
genital – यौन
Congenital – जन्मजात
Circumcision – खतना
attributable – कारण
exclusion – बहिष्कार
Indemnity – हानि से सुरक्षा
admissible – स्वीकार्य
Prudent – विवेकी
transcends – अतिक्रमण
transcend – पार
Wobble – लडखडाना
condemnation – निंदा
prevalent – प्रचलित
immense – अत्यधिक
certain – निश्चित
certain – कुछ
Redeemed – छुड़ाया
whiskers – मूंछ
tentacle – मूंछ
mustache – मूंछ
miser – कंजूस
commencement – प्रारंभ
serene – निर्मल
perseverance – दृढ़ता
toxin – विष
stale – बासी
abundant – प्रचुर
strained – तनावपूर्ण
erratic – अनियमित
vanish – गायब
diminishes – घटता
rung – छड़
veil – परदा
prerequisite – शर्त
criterion – मापदंड
satiated – तृप्त
lineage – वंशावली
Plunk – खनखनाहट
rapport – घनिष्ठता
enshrined – प्रतिष्ठापित
persuaded – राजी
estranged – पराया
spacious – विशाल
confectionery – हलवाई की दुकान
riddle – पहेली
conscientious – ईमानदार
dedication – निष्ठा
introspection – आत्मनिरीक्षण
scripture – वेद
thereby – इस तरह
observances – पाल
English verbs for animal sounds
Alligators - bellow, hiss
Apes - gibber
Asses - bray
Badgers - growl
Basenji dogs - yodel
Bats - screech
Bears - growl
Bees - hum and buzz
Beetles - drone
Birds - chirrup, chirp, twitter, tweet, sing, whistle
Bitterns - boom
Blackbirds - whistle
Bulls - bellow
Calves - bleat
Camels - grunt
Cats - mew, purr, meow, hiss, yowl, spit
Cattle - moo, low
Chaffinches - fink
Chicks - cheep
Chickens - cluck
Cicadas - sing
Cocks - crow
Cows - low, moo
Cowdog - moof
Coyotes - yelp, cry
Crickets - chirp, creak
Crows - caw
Cuckoos - coo, cuckoo
Curlews - pipe
Deers - bell
Dingos - bark, cry
Dodos - squawk, cry
Dogs - bark, woof
Dolphins - click
Donkeys - bray, hee-haw
Doves - coo
Ducks - quack
Eagles - scream, cry
Elephants - trumpet
Falcons - chant
Ferrets - dook
Flies - buzz, hum
Foxes - bark, yelp or simper
Frogs - croak, ribbit
Giraffes - bleat
Goats - bleat, baa
Geese - cackle, goble, hiss, honk, quack
Grasshoppers - chirp: Stridulation
Guinea pigs - squeak / wheek
Hamsters - squeak
Hares - squeak
Hawks - scream
Hens - cackle, cluck
Hippopotamuses - bellow, rumble, roar, growl
Humans - cry, scream, sing, talk
Hogs - grunt
Horses - clop, neigh, snort, whinny
Hyenas - laugh, scream
Jackals - howl
Jays - chatter
Koalas - scream, bellow, wail
Komodo dragons - growl, snarl, hiss
Lambs - bleat
Larks - sing, warble
Linnets - chuckle
Lions - roar, growl
Llamas - growl
Magpies - chatter
Mice - squeak and squeal
Monkeys - chatter, gibber, whoop
Moose - bellow
Mosquitoes - whine
Nightingales - pipe, sing, warble
Okapis - cough, bellow
Ostriches - bleep bleep
Owls - hoot, scream, screech, shriek
Oxen - bellow, low
Parrots - talk, screech, squawk
Peacocks - scream
Peafowls - scream
Penguins - honk, ehh ehh
Pigs - oink, snort, grunt, squeal, call
Pigeons - coo
Platypus's - chitter, growl
Porpoises - whistle, click
Prairie dogs - bark
Puffins - moo
Queleas - twitter, whistle, chirp, shriek, and squawk
Rabbits - squeak, drum
Raccoons - chitter
Rats - squeak
Ravens - croak
Rhinos - bellow
Robins - chirp
Rooks - caw
Rooster - cock-a'doodle-doo
Seagulls - scream
Seals - bark
Sharks - hom hom
Sheep - bleat, baa
Snakes - hiss
Sparrows - chirp, twitter
Squirrels - squeak
Stags - bellow
Swallows - twitter, squeal
Swans - cry
Tigers - growl, roar
Thrushes - whistle, sing
Tokay Geckos - to-keh!
Tortoises - grunt
Turkeys - gobble
Vultures - scream
Walruses - groan
Whales - sing: Whale song.
Wolves - howl, cry, yell
Wrens - warble
Zebras - neigh, whinny
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