*Challenging Words in THE HINDU Article -*
1) Peril (noun) (рдЬोрдЦिрдо) - per-il
Meaning - risks/difficulties (of a particular activity), grave and imminent danger
Synonyms - Hazard, danger, jeopardy, menace
Antonyms - safety, security, welfare
Example - Although Vikram Singh knew he was possibly putting his life in peril by enlisting in the army, he wanted to help protect his country.
2)Prudential (adjective) (рд╡िрд╡ेрдХрдкूрд░्рдг) - proo-den-shul
Meaning - showing care and forethought, especially in business.
Synonyms - circumspect, prudent, judicious
Antonyms - imprudent, foolish, impetuous
Example - The US prudential rules prevented banks from lending more than fifteen per cent of their capital to any one borrower’
3) Oligopolistic(adjective) (рдЕрд▓्рдкाрдзिрдХाрд░ी) - ol-i-gop-o-lis-tic
Meaning - the market condition that exists when there are only a few sellers.
Synonyms - Patent, ownership, holding
Antonyms - distribution, scattering
Example - Diesel and petrol industry is oligopolistic in nature.
4) Spin-off (noun) (рдЕрддिрд░िрдХ्рдд рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж,рдЕрдирдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдд рд▓ाрдн ) - spin-off
Meaning - a by-product or incidental result of a larger project.
Synonyms- outcome, result, by-product.
Antonyms - original, prototype, source
Example - The company put out a report on commercial spin-offs from its research.
5) Collusion (noun) ( рдоिрд▓ीрднрдЧрдд) - co-loo-zhun
Meaning - a private agreement for a dishonest purpose
Synonyms- conspiracy, complicity, collaboration.
Antonyms - Honesty, integrity, morality
Example - Some stock brokers, in collusion with bank officials, obtained large sums of money for speculation.
5)Resorting (verb) (рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ) - re-sort-eng
Meaning - turn to and adopt (a course of action, especially an extreme or undesirable one) so as to resolve a difficult situation.
Synonyms- use, utilize, employ.
Example - The RBI is resorting more to open market operations in recent days.
6)Crackdown (noun) (рдХाрд░्рд░рд╡ाрдИ): krak-doun
Meaning - a series of severe measures to restrict undesirable or illegal people or behaviour.
Synonyms - suppression, repression, attack
Antonyms - defend, protect
Example - A crackdown against terrorism started by Government after the serial blasts in the crowded market.
7) Accountability(adjective) (рдЬрд╡ाрдмрджेрд╣ी) - a-koun-t-bil-i-tee
Meaning -the fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.
Synonyms - responsibility, liability, answerability
Antonyms - reprieve, undependability
Example - In a large bureaucracy, there is often not enough accountability to ensure good service.
8)Predominant (adjective) – (рд╕рд░्рд╡ाрдзिрдХ) - pre-domin-ant
Meaning - being the main thing or issue
Synonyms - primary, main, most important.
Antonyms -minor, unimportant, inconsiderable
Example - Flying continues to be the predominantmeans of travel despite increased airfares.
9)Rating shopping (Phrase)
Meaning -Rating shopping occurs when an issuer chooses the rating agency that will assign the highest rating or that has the most lax criteria for achieving a desired rating. Rating shopping rarely involves corporate, sovereign, and municipal bonds. However, it is common for securitization issues. Rating shopping has a strong effect when one rating agency's criteria is much more lax than its competitors' criteria. Unless investors demand multiple ratings on deals, issuers will tend to use only ratings from the agency with the most lenient standards.
1) Peril (noun) (рдЬोрдЦिрдо) - per-il
Meaning - risks/difficulties (of a particular activity), grave and imminent danger
Synonyms - Hazard, danger, jeopardy, menace
Antonyms - safety, security, welfare
Example - Although Vikram Singh knew he was possibly putting his life in peril by enlisting in the army, he wanted to help protect his country.
2)Prudential (adjective) (рд╡िрд╡ेрдХрдкूрд░्рдг) - proo-den-shul
Meaning - showing care and forethought, especially in business.
Synonyms - circumspect, prudent, judicious
Antonyms - imprudent, foolish, impetuous
Example - The US prudential rules prevented banks from lending more than fifteen per cent of their capital to any one borrower’
3) Oligopolistic(adjective) (рдЕрд▓्рдкाрдзिрдХाрд░ी) - ol-i-gop-o-lis-tic
Meaning - the market condition that exists when there are only a few sellers.
Synonyms - Patent, ownership, holding
Antonyms - distribution, scattering
Example - Diesel and petrol industry is oligopolistic in nature.
4) Spin-off (noun) (рдЕрддिрд░िрдХ्рдд рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж,рдЕрдирдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдд рд▓ाрдн ) - spin-off
Meaning - a by-product or incidental result of a larger project.
Synonyms- outcome, result, by-product.
Antonyms - original, prototype, source
Example - The company put out a report on commercial spin-offs from its research.
5) Collusion (noun) ( рдоिрд▓ीрднрдЧрдд) - co-loo-zhun
Meaning - a private agreement for a dishonest purpose
Synonyms- conspiracy, complicity, collaboration.
Antonyms - Honesty, integrity, morality
Example - Some stock brokers, in collusion with bank officials, obtained large sums of money for speculation.
5)Resorting (verb) (рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ) - re-sort-eng
Meaning - turn to and adopt (a course of action, especially an extreme or undesirable one) so as to resolve a difficult situation.
Synonyms- use, utilize, employ.
Example - The RBI is resorting more to open market operations in recent days.
6)Crackdown (noun) (рдХाрд░्рд░рд╡ाрдИ): krak-doun
Meaning - a series of severe measures to restrict undesirable or illegal people or behaviour.
Synonyms - suppression, repression, attack
Antonyms - defend, protect
Example - A crackdown against terrorism started by Government after the serial blasts in the crowded market.
7) Accountability(adjective) (рдЬрд╡ाрдмрджेрд╣ी) - a-koun-t-bil-i-tee
Meaning -the fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.
Synonyms - responsibility, liability, answerability
Antonyms - reprieve, undependability
Example - In a large bureaucracy, there is often not enough accountability to ensure good service.
8)Predominant (adjective) – (рд╕рд░्рд╡ाрдзिрдХ) - pre-domin-ant
Meaning - being the main thing or issue
Synonyms - primary, main, most important.
Antonyms -minor, unimportant, inconsiderable
Example - Flying continues to be the predominantmeans of travel despite increased airfares.
9)Rating shopping (Phrase)
Meaning -Rating shopping occurs when an issuer chooses the rating agency that will assign the highest rating or that has the most lax criteria for achieving a desired rating. Rating shopping rarely involves corporate, sovereign, and municipal bonds. However, it is common for securitization issues. Rating shopping has a strong effect when one rating agency's criteria is much more lax than its competitors' criteria. Unless investors demand multiple ratings on deals, issuers will tend to use only ratings from the agency with the most lenient standards.
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