*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
24,26,28 March
1)Prickly (adjective) ( काँटेदार): prik-li
Meaning –sharp to the touch, usually pointed
Synonyms- problematic, awkward, tricky/sensitive.
Antonyms- affable, easy-going
Example - Her mother told her to be careful of the prickly thorns on the rose.
2)Scrape (verb) (इकट्ठा, एकत्र करना): es-crape
Meaning – collect or accumulate something with difficulty/drag or pull a hard or sharp implement across
Synonyms- accumulate, collect, amass, gather.
Antonyms- distribute, squander, disperse
Example - They could hardly scrape up enough money for one ticket, let alone two.
3)Potent (adjective) – (प्रबल): po-tent
Meaning – very strong in a chemical or medicinal way
Synonyms- powerful, strong, effective.
Antonyms- weak, impotent, powerless, ineffective
Example - When the dashing actor entered a room, his potent charm caused everyone to look in his direction.
4)Tailor (verb) (समायोजित): tay-lur
Meaning – make or adapt for a particular purpose or person/(of a tailor) make (clothes) to fit individual customers(Verb)/a person whose occupation is making fitted clothes such as suits, trousers, and jackets to fit individual customers.(Noun)
Synonyms- customize, adapt, adjust, modify, change, convert, alter
Antonyms- disarrange, dislocate, disorder
Example -Treatment is tailored to the needs of each patient in this world-class hospital.
5)Sway (verb) (बोलबाला): sway
Meaning – control or dominion
Synonyms- control, influence, affect/persuade.
Antonyms- inability, powerlessness, inefficiency
Example - The CEO of a company holds swayover all of his employees.
6)Corrosive (adjective) (संक्षारक ): corro-siv
Meaning – having the ability to wear down or destroy
Synonyms - destructive, damaging, harmful.
Antonyms - gentle, kind, fortifying, supporting
Example - We must fight the corrosive effect of discrimination.
7)Propaganda (noun) (अधिप्रचार): pro-pay-ganda
Meaning – information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view/exaggerated or untruthful claims used to help raise support for an effort
Synonyms- information, promotion, advertising, advertisement, publicity, advocacy
Antonyms- truth, reality, actual
Example - During election season, politicians often try and beat their rivals by airingpropaganda on television.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Set off (phrasal verb) (चल पड़ना ):
Meaning – to cause something to operate, especially by accident/ to cause a situation or a series of events to happen, especially without intending to/ to start a journey, or to start going in a particular direction
Synonyms- cause, prompt, trigger, catalyze, bring about
Antonyms- deter, restrain
Example - Jeff pushed open the front door, which set off the alarm.
9)Press ahead (phrasal verb) (मुश्किल होने के बावजूद एक निश्चित तरीके से कुछ करना जारी रखना):
Meaning – to start or continue doing something in a determined way, although it is difficult
Synonyms- continue, go on, follow through
Antonyms- stop, discontinue, abandon, sporadic
Example - They pressed ahead regardless of objections.
*Challenging Words in the Article -THE HINDU*
1)Reminiscent (adjective) ( स्मृति जगानेवाला ): remini-scent
Meaning – tending to remind one of something/suggesting something by resemblance.
Synonyms- similar to, comparable with, inviting/bearing comparison with, tending to make one think of
Antonyms- forgetful, oblivious
Example - The way he laughed was strongly reminiscent of his father.
2)Steep (adjective) ( तेज, आकस्मिक): es-teep
Meaning – (of a slope, flight of stairs, or angle) rising or falling sharply; almost perpendicular.
Synonyms- precipitous, sheer, abrupt, sharp, sudden, rapid
Antonyms- gentle, tender, benign, humane
Example - As soon as there was a steep decline in iPhone prices, everyone went out and purchased a new model.
3)Portend (verb) – (संकेत मिलना): por-tend
Meaning – be a sign or warning that (something, especially something momentous or calamitous) is likely to happen.
Synonyms- presage, augur, foreshadow, foretell, prophesy
Antonyms- assure, calculated
Example - In most cases, a lack of effort doesportend failure.
4) Squeeze (verb) (निचोड़ना): es-queeze
Meaning – a strong financial demand or pressure, typically a restriction on borrowing, spending, or investment in a financial crisis/firmly press (something soft or yielding), typically with one's fingers.
Synonyms- force, extract, press
Antonyms- release, uncompress
Example -Industry faced higher costs and asqueeze on profits.
5)Precautionary (adjective) (सतर्कता के तौर पर किया गया): pre-cau-shun-ri
Meaning – carried out as a precaution; preventive.
Synonyms- preventative, preventive, safety, protective
Antonyms- harm, hurt, neglect
Example - She was taken to hospital as aprecautionary measure.
6)Mortgage (noun) (बंधक, गिरवी): mort-gage
Meaning – a legal agreement by which a bank, building a society, etc. lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt(Noun)/convey (a property) to a creditor as security on a loan(Verb)
Synonyms - contract, debt, pledge
Example - I put down a hundred thousand in cash and took out a mortgage for the rest.
7)Outflow (noun) (अधिप्रचार): aaut-flow
Meaning – a large amount of money, liquid, or people that moves or is transferred out of a place.
Synonyms- discharge, outflowing, outpouring, outrush, rush, flood
Antonyms- inflow, influx
Example - The company realized that their cashoutflow exceeded what their cash inflow was going to be, and, instead of securing other financings, they decided to remedy the situation by laying off workers.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Spill over (phrasal verb) (फैल जाना ):
Meaning – (of a bad situation or strong emotion) reach a point at which it can no longer be controlled or contained.
Synonyms- spread out, disperse, fan out
Antonyms- gather, congregate, convene, assemble
Example - The protests against the new law have spilled over to other parts of the city.
9)Get going (phrase) (शुरू कर देना):
Meaning –To start taking some action,To cause someone to start enthusiastically discussing some topic, To depart
Synonyms- begin, start, set about, go ahead
Antonyms- cease, close, conclude
Example -We need to get going if we're determined to complete this project within the definite time.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Searing (adjective) (गंभीर रूप से आलोचनात्मक) : se-ar-ing
Meaning – severely critical/extremely hot or intense
Synonyms- fierce, savage, blistering, scathing,
Antonyms- comfortable, agreeable, friendly, genial, hospitable, pleasant
Example - She made national headlines with hersearing attack on the President.
2)Extraneous (verb) (असंगत): extra-ni-us
Meaning – not essential or coming from the outside
Synonyms- irrelevant, immaterial, unrelated, inapposite, inapplicable
Antonyms- relevant, pertinent, applicable, apposite, material, apropos
Example - There was so much extraneousinformation in the report that it was impossible to weed out what was valuable and what was garbage.
3)Scrupulously (अति सतर्कतापूर्वक) : scrup-al-usly
Meaning – in a very careful and thorough way/with great effort to avoid doing wrong.
Synonyms- carefully, religiously, consistently, constantly
Antonyms- inadequately, incompletely, partially, carelessly, incautiously, thoughtlessly
Example - As a surgeon you has to perform life-saving operations scrupulously.
4)Adjudicate (adjective) (निर्णय करना): ad-ju-di-kate
Meaning – to make a decision on an issue
Synonyms- judge, adjudge, try, hear, examine, arbitrate
Antonyms- hesitate, defer, dodge, ignore
Example - You should never adjudicate a major decision when you are under the influence of anger.
5)Latitude (noun) (स्वतंत्रता): lati-tude
Meaning – having the choice to do something
Synonyms- freedom, scope, leeway, space, flexibility, liberty
Antonyms- dependence, helplessness, weakness
Example - My father gave me the latitude to choose my carrer.
6)Vitiate (adjective) (भ्रष्ट करना): viti-ate
Meaning – to spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something
Synonyms- ruining, destroying, upsetting.
Antonyms- allow, help, permit, affirm
Example - We can’t allow that corporation tovitiate the purity of our drinking water by building a factory next to the river.
7)Scathing (adjective)(तीखा): scath-ing
Meaning – extremely severe or harsh
Synonyms- : devastating, withering, blistering, extremely critical, searing, scorching
Antonyms- mild, gentle, complimentary
Example - The scathing criticism did not inspire the student to improve his writing skills.
8)Specious (adjective) (भ्रामक): speci-us
Meaning – seems correct or true, but actually wrong or false; deceptive
Synonyms- misleading, deceptive, false, fallacious, unsound
Antonyms- accurate, correct, genuine, honest
Example -Since she had doubts about thespecious business offer, Kim refused to sign the contract.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
9)Set aside (phrasal verb) (टालना, रद्द करना):
Meaning – to not let a particular feeling, opinion, or belief influence you, in order to achieve something more important/to keep or save something from a larger amount or supply in order to use it later for a particular purpose/to officially state that a particular legal decision will no longer be followed
Synonyms- dismiss, reject, turn down, ignore, nullify
Antonyms- welcome, approve, appreciate
Example - They agreed to set aside their differences and work together for peace.
10)On its merits (phrase)– (योग्यता के अनुसार):
Meaning – According to or based on facts or qualities essential to a person or situation/based only on a person's or thing's qualities and not on what other people say about that person or thing
Synonyms- accordingly, as per
Example - I can assure you that she got the job on her own merits and not because she is the CEO's daughter.
24,26,28 March
1)Prickly (adjective) ( काँटेदार): prik-li
Meaning –sharp to the touch, usually pointed
Synonyms- problematic, awkward, tricky/sensitive.
Antonyms- affable, easy-going
Example - Her mother told her to be careful of the prickly thorns on the rose.
2)Scrape (verb) (इकट्ठा, एकत्र करना): es-crape
Meaning – collect or accumulate something with difficulty/drag or pull a hard or sharp implement across
Synonyms- accumulate, collect, amass, gather.
Antonyms- distribute, squander, disperse
Example - They could hardly scrape up enough money for one ticket, let alone two.
3)Potent (adjective) – (प्रबल): po-tent
Meaning – very strong in a chemical or medicinal way
Synonyms- powerful, strong, effective.
Antonyms- weak, impotent, powerless, ineffective
Example - When the dashing actor entered a room, his potent charm caused everyone to look in his direction.
4)Tailor (verb) (समायोजित): tay-lur
Meaning – make or adapt for a particular purpose or person/(of a tailor) make (clothes) to fit individual customers(Verb)/a person whose occupation is making fitted clothes such as suits, trousers, and jackets to fit individual customers.(Noun)
Synonyms- customize, adapt, adjust, modify, change, convert, alter
Antonyms- disarrange, dislocate, disorder
Example -Treatment is tailored to the needs of each patient in this world-class hospital.
5)Sway (verb) (बोलबाला): sway
Meaning – control or dominion
Synonyms- control, influence, affect/persuade.
Antonyms- inability, powerlessness, inefficiency
Example - The CEO of a company holds swayover all of his employees.
6)Corrosive (adjective) (संक्षारक ): corro-siv
Meaning – having the ability to wear down or destroy
Synonyms - destructive, damaging, harmful.
Antonyms - gentle, kind, fortifying, supporting
Example - We must fight the corrosive effect of discrimination.
7)Propaganda (noun) (अधिप्रचार): pro-pay-ganda
Meaning – information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view/exaggerated or untruthful claims used to help raise support for an effort
Synonyms- information, promotion, advertising, advertisement, publicity, advocacy
Antonyms- truth, reality, actual
Example - During election season, politicians often try and beat their rivals by airingpropaganda on television.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Set off (phrasal verb) (चल पड़ना ):
Meaning – to cause something to operate, especially by accident/ to cause a situation or a series of events to happen, especially without intending to/ to start a journey, or to start going in a particular direction
Synonyms- cause, prompt, trigger, catalyze, bring about
Antonyms- deter, restrain
Example - Jeff pushed open the front door, which set off the alarm.
9)Press ahead (phrasal verb) (मुश्किल होने के बावजूद एक निश्चित तरीके से कुछ करना जारी रखना):
Meaning – to start or continue doing something in a determined way, although it is difficult
Synonyms- continue, go on, follow through
Antonyms- stop, discontinue, abandon, sporadic
Example - They pressed ahead regardless of objections.
*Challenging Words in the Article -THE HINDU*
1)Reminiscent (adjective) ( स्मृति जगानेवाला ): remini-scent
Meaning – tending to remind one of something/suggesting something by resemblance.
Synonyms- similar to, comparable with, inviting/bearing comparison with, tending to make one think of
Antonyms- forgetful, oblivious
Example - The way he laughed was strongly reminiscent of his father.
2)Steep (adjective) ( तेज, आकस्मिक): es-teep
Meaning – (of a slope, flight of stairs, or angle) rising or falling sharply; almost perpendicular.
Synonyms- precipitous, sheer, abrupt, sharp, sudden, rapid
Antonyms- gentle, tender, benign, humane
Example - As soon as there was a steep decline in iPhone prices, everyone went out and purchased a new model.
3)Portend (verb) – (संकेत मिलना): por-tend
Meaning – be a sign or warning that (something, especially something momentous or calamitous) is likely to happen.
Synonyms- presage, augur, foreshadow, foretell, prophesy
Antonyms- assure, calculated
Example - In most cases, a lack of effort doesportend failure.
4) Squeeze (verb) (निचोड़ना): es-queeze
Meaning – a strong financial demand or pressure, typically a restriction on borrowing, spending, or investment in a financial crisis/firmly press (something soft or yielding), typically with one's fingers.
Synonyms- force, extract, press
Antonyms- release, uncompress
Example -Industry faced higher costs and asqueeze on profits.
5)Precautionary (adjective) (सतर्कता के तौर पर किया गया): pre-cau-shun-ri
Meaning – carried out as a precaution; preventive.
Synonyms- preventative, preventive, safety, protective
Antonyms- harm, hurt, neglect
Example - She was taken to hospital as aprecautionary measure.
6)Mortgage (noun) (बंधक, गिरवी): mort-gage
Meaning – a legal agreement by which a bank, building a society, etc. lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt(Noun)/convey (a property) to a creditor as security on a loan(Verb)
Synonyms - contract, debt, pledge
Example - I put down a hundred thousand in cash and took out a mortgage for the rest.
7)Outflow (noun) (अधिप्रचार): aaut-flow
Meaning – a large amount of money, liquid, or people that moves or is transferred out of a place.
Synonyms- discharge, outflowing, outpouring, outrush, rush, flood
Antonyms- inflow, influx
Example - The company realized that their cashoutflow exceeded what their cash inflow was going to be, and, instead of securing other financings, they decided to remedy the situation by laying off workers.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Spill over (phrasal verb) (फैल जाना ):
Meaning – (of a bad situation or strong emotion) reach a point at which it can no longer be controlled or contained.
Synonyms- spread out, disperse, fan out
Antonyms- gather, congregate, convene, assemble
Example - The protests against the new law have spilled over to other parts of the city.
9)Get going (phrase) (शुरू कर देना):
Meaning –To start taking some action,To cause someone to start enthusiastically discussing some topic, To depart
Synonyms- begin, start, set about, go ahead
Antonyms- cease, close, conclude
Example -We need to get going if we're determined to complete this project within the definite time.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Searing (adjective) (गंभीर रूप से आलोचनात्मक) : se-ar-ing
Meaning – severely critical/extremely hot or intense
Synonyms- fierce, savage, blistering, scathing,
Antonyms- comfortable, agreeable, friendly, genial, hospitable, pleasant
Example - She made national headlines with hersearing attack on the President.
2)Extraneous (verb) (असंगत): extra-ni-us
Meaning – not essential or coming from the outside
Synonyms- irrelevant, immaterial, unrelated, inapposite, inapplicable
Antonyms- relevant, pertinent, applicable, apposite, material, apropos
Example - There was so much extraneousinformation in the report that it was impossible to weed out what was valuable and what was garbage.
3)Scrupulously (अति सतर्कतापूर्वक) : scrup-al-usly
Meaning – in a very careful and thorough way/with great effort to avoid doing wrong.
Synonyms- carefully, religiously, consistently, constantly
Antonyms- inadequately, incompletely, partially, carelessly, incautiously, thoughtlessly
Example - As a surgeon you has to perform life-saving operations scrupulously.
4)Adjudicate (adjective) (निर्णय करना): ad-ju-di-kate
Meaning – to make a decision on an issue
Synonyms- judge, adjudge, try, hear, examine, arbitrate
Antonyms- hesitate, defer, dodge, ignore
Example - You should never adjudicate a major decision when you are under the influence of anger.
5)Latitude (noun) (स्वतंत्रता): lati-tude
Meaning – having the choice to do something
Synonyms- freedom, scope, leeway, space, flexibility, liberty
Antonyms- dependence, helplessness, weakness
Example - My father gave me the latitude to choose my carrer.
6)Vitiate (adjective) (भ्रष्ट करना): viti-ate
Meaning – to spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something
Synonyms- ruining, destroying, upsetting.
Antonyms- allow, help, permit, affirm
Example - We can’t allow that corporation tovitiate the purity of our drinking water by building a factory next to the river.
7)Scathing (adjective)(तीखा): scath-ing
Meaning – extremely severe or harsh
Synonyms- : devastating, withering, blistering, extremely critical, searing, scorching
Antonyms- mild, gentle, complimentary
Example - The scathing criticism did not inspire the student to improve his writing skills.
8)Specious (adjective) (भ्रामक): speci-us
Meaning – seems correct or true, but actually wrong or false; deceptive
Synonyms- misleading, deceptive, false, fallacious, unsound
Antonyms- accurate, correct, genuine, honest
Example -Since she had doubts about thespecious business offer, Kim refused to sign the contract.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
9)Set aside (phrasal verb) (टालना, रद्द करना):
Meaning – to not let a particular feeling, opinion, or belief influence you, in order to achieve something more important/to keep or save something from a larger amount or supply in order to use it later for a particular purpose/to officially state that a particular legal decision will no longer be followed
Synonyms- dismiss, reject, turn down, ignore, nullify
Antonyms- welcome, approve, appreciate
Example - They agreed to set aside their differences and work together for peace.
10)On its merits (phrase)– (योग्यता के अनुसार):
Meaning – According to or based on facts or qualities essential to a person or situation/based only on a person's or thing's qualities and not on what other people say about that person or thing
Synonyms- accordingly, as per
Example - I can assure you that she got the job on her own merits and not because she is the CEO's daughter.
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