*Challenging Words in the Article THE HINDU*
1,2April
1)Strenuous (adjective) (ज़ोरदार, जटिल) : es-tren-ous
Meaning – requiring or using great effort or exertion.
Synonyms- : arduous, difficult, hard, tough, taxing, demanding
Antonyms - easy, effortless, half-hearted, feeble
Example - In order to be in the military, one must be prepared for strenuous activity.
2)Scramble (संघर्ष) : es-cram-bal
Meaning – Noun - an eager or uncontrolled and undignified struggle with others to obtain or achieve something/a disordered mixture of things.
Verb - move hurriedly or clumsily from or into a particular place or position/struggle or compete with others for something in an eager or uncontrolled and undignified wa
Synonyms- : struggle, hurry, rush, race, scurry
Antonyms - unscramble
Example - When the manager retired, there was a scramble for his job.
3)Vulnerable (adjective) (भेद्य) : vul-nar-able
Meaning – exposed or in a position that cannot be completely defended
Synonyms- : endangered, unsafe, unprotected unguarded
Antonyms - well protected, invulnerable, resilient
Example - Because little kids have weak immune systems, they are very vulnerable to illness.
4)Breach (verb) (उल्लंघन) : breech
Meaning – a violation of an agreement, law, or code of ethics or conduct
Synonyms- : contravention, violation
Antonyms - noninfringement, observance
Example - According to the teacher-district contract, teachers who tutor their own students for money commit a breach of conduct.
5)Distort (verb) (बिगाड़ना, विकृत करना) : dis-tort
Meaning – to bring something out of shape or to misrepresent
Synonyms- : misrepresent, pervert, twist, falsify, misreport
Antonyms - accurate, correct, precise, exact, right,
Example - In order to not be recognized, the prank caller used technology to distort his voice.
6)Fallout (noun) (विवाद,किसी स्थिति या कार्रवाई के प्रतिकूल परिणाम) : fall-out
Meaning – the adverse results of a situation or action.
Synonyms- : outgrowth,consequence, offshoot, repercussion, result, after-effect, side effect
Antonyms - cause, origin, source
Example -He's prepared to take calculated risks regardless of political fallout.
7)Inviolability (noun) (अनुल्लंघनीयता) : in-via-libil-ti
Meaning – never to be broken, infringed, ignored or dishonoured/prohibiting violation; secure from destruction, violence, infringement, or desecration
Synonyms- : inviolate, sacred, sacrosanct
Antonyms- profane, appropriable, transferrable
Example - Her parents made it clear that the rules of curfew follow inviolability.
Idioms & Phrases in the article
8)Come to naught (phrase) (पूरी तरह से असफल) :
Meaning – To be totally unsuccessful or amount to nothing
Synonyms-: fruitless, fail, in vain
Antonyms - succeed, thrive, fruitful
Example - All those hours I spent researching my graduate thesis have come to naught.
9)Pull out all the stops (phrase) (कुछ हासिल करने के लिए एक बहुत ही काबिलेतारीफ प्रयास) :
Meaning – make a very great effort to achieve something.
Synonyms- : try hard, strive, endeavour
Antonyms - drop, give up, quit
Example -The whole team pulled out all the stopsto meet the deadline of the project.
10)Get at (phrasal verb) (तक पहुँचने में सफल होना) :
Meaning – to manage to reach or touch something/ to try to suggest something without saying it directly/to discover the true facts about something
Synonyms- : : access, gain access to, get to, reach, touch
Antonyms - exclusion, egress, dismissal
Example - I keep the sweets up here where the children can’t get at them.
Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu👇
1)Overturn(verb) (उलट देना , के विरुद्ध निर्णय देना) : over-turn
Meaning – abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc./tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down.
Synonyms- : cancel, reverse, rescind, repeal, revoke
Antonyms - allow, accept
Example -It would be nearly impossible for them to overturn such a majority in one election.
2)Prudently (Adverb) (विवेकपूर्ण ढंग से) : pru-dent-li
Meaning – in a way that shows care and thought for the future.
Synonyms- : wisely, judiciously, sagaciously, shrewdly
Antonyms - unwisely, imprudently, incautiously, extravagantly
Example -As there is water crisis, we must actprudently to save the water.
3)Double whammy(Noun) (दोहरा झटका) : da-ble-vay-mi
Meaning – a twofold blow or setback.
Synonyms- : blow, bad luck, calamity, curse, bane
Antonyms - benefit, advantage, blessing
Example - With the cold weather and the high cost of heating fuel, homeowners were hit with a double whammy this winter.
4)Uphold(Verb) (समर्थन करना , पुष्टि करना) : up-hold
Meaning – confirm or support (something which has been questioned)/maintain (a custom or practice).
Synonyms- : confirm, endorse, sustain, validate, ratify, verify
Antonyms - overturn, oppose, abandon
Example - After thinking about it for several hours, the judge decided to uphold the first judge’s decision and send the inmate back to jail.
5)Handout (Noun)(लाभ, (वित्तीय) समर्थन): hand-out
Meaning - a quantity of financial or other material aid given to a person or organisation.
Synonyms - aid, benefit, (financial) support.
Antonyms - Impediment, hurt
Example -The family wasn't interested in government handouts.
6)Existential (Adjective)(अस्तित्व): ex-is-ten-tial
Meaning -something relating or dealing with existence
Synonyms:realist, observational
Antonyms - Speculative, theoretic
Example -Perhaps the most existential question is “what is the meaning of life?”
7) Fiery (Adjective) (उग्र): fier-y
Meaning - having a passionate and quick-tempered nature , consisting of fire or burning strongly and brightly
Synonyms - strong, powerful; ardent, fervent.
Antonyms - Cool, impassive, peaceful
Example - She was a fiery, brilliant and unyielding intellectual and politician.
8) Inadvertently (Adverb) ( अनजाने में): in-ad-vert-ent-ly
Meaning -without intention of doing so
Synonyms - accidentally, unintentionally; mistakenly
Antonyms - Knowingly, advertently, consciously
Example - I inadvertently pressed the wrong button and it resulted in loss of my article.
9)Viability (Noun)( व्यवहार्यता,बड़ी जीवन-शक्ति ):vaye--bil-i-tee
Meaning - the ability to survive successfully.
Synonyms - Resilience, Vitality, endurance
Antonyms - Impracticality, unfeasibility
Example: She is very negative about the long-term viability of the project.
10)Endow(Verb) (प्रदान करना,से संपन्न बनाना) : en-do
Meaning – give or bequeath an income or property to (a person or institution)/provide with a quality, ability, or asset.
Synonyms- : provide, supply, furnish, equip, invest, give
Antonyms- dispossess, divest, strip deplete, drain, exhaust
Example -The billionaire will endow the school of nursing with a huge donation.
1,2April
1)Strenuous (adjective) (ज़ोरदार, जटिल) : es-tren-ous
Meaning – requiring or using great effort or exertion.
Synonyms- : arduous, difficult, hard, tough, taxing, demanding
Antonyms - easy, effortless, half-hearted, feeble
Example - In order to be in the military, one must be prepared for strenuous activity.
2)Scramble (संघर्ष) : es-cram-bal
Meaning – Noun - an eager or uncontrolled and undignified struggle with others to obtain or achieve something/a disordered mixture of things.
Verb - move hurriedly or clumsily from or into a particular place or position/struggle or compete with others for something in an eager or uncontrolled and undignified wa
Synonyms- : struggle, hurry, rush, race, scurry
Antonyms - unscramble
Example - When the manager retired, there was a scramble for his job.
3)Vulnerable (adjective) (भेद्य) : vul-nar-able
Meaning – exposed or in a position that cannot be completely defended
Synonyms- : endangered, unsafe, unprotected unguarded
Antonyms - well protected, invulnerable, resilient
Example - Because little kids have weak immune systems, they are very vulnerable to illness.
4)Breach (verb) (उल्लंघन) : breech
Meaning – a violation of an agreement, law, or code of ethics or conduct
Synonyms- : contravention, violation
Antonyms - noninfringement, observance
Example - According to the teacher-district contract, teachers who tutor their own students for money commit a breach of conduct.
5)Distort (verb) (बिगाड़ना, विकृत करना) : dis-tort
Meaning – to bring something out of shape or to misrepresent
Synonyms- : misrepresent, pervert, twist, falsify, misreport
Antonyms - accurate, correct, precise, exact, right,
Example - In order to not be recognized, the prank caller used technology to distort his voice.
6)Fallout (noun) (विवाद,किसी स्थिति या कार्रवाई के प्रतिकूल परिणाम) : fall-out
Meaning – the adverse results of a situation or action.
Synonyms- : outgrowth,consequence, offshoot, repercussion, result, after-effect, side effect
Antonyms - cause, origin, source
Example -He's prepared to take calculated risks regardless of political fallout.
7)Inviolability (noun) (अनुल्लंघनीयता) : in-via-libil-ti
Meaning – never to be broken, infringed, ignored or dishonoured/prohibiting violation; secure from destruction, violence, infringement, or desecration
Synonyms- : inviolate, sacred, sacrosanct
Antonyms- profane, appropriable, transferrable
Example - Her parents made it clear that the rules of curfew follow inviolability.
Idioms & Phrases in the article
8)Come to naught (phrase) (पूरी तरह से असफल) :
Meaning – To be totally unsuccessful or amount to nothing
Synonyms-: fruitless, fail, in vain
Antonyms - succeed, thrive, fruitful
Example - All those hours I spent researching my graduate thesis have come to naught.
9)Pull out all the stops (phrase) (कुछ हासिल करने के लिए एक बहुत ही काबिलेतारीफ प्रयास) :
Meaning – make a very great effort to achieve something.
Synonyms- : try hard, strive, endeavour
Antonyms - drop, give up, quit
Example -The whole team pulled out all the stopsto meet the deadline of the project.
10)Get at (phrasal verb) (तक पहुँचने में सफल होना) :
Meaning – to manage to reach or touch something/ to try to suggest something without saying it directly/to discover the true facts about something
Synonyms- : : access, gain access to, get to, reach, touch
Antonyms - exclusion, egress, dismissal
Example - I keep the sweets up here where the children can’t get at them.
Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu👇
1)Overturn(verb) (उलट देना , के विरुद्ध निर्णय देना) : over-turn
Meaning – abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc./tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down.
Synonyms- : cancel, reverse, rescind, repeal, revoke
Antonyms - allow, accept
Example -It would be nearly impossible for them to overturn such a majority in one election.
2)Prudently (Adverb) (विवेकपूर्ण ढंग से) : pru-dent-li
Meaning – in a way that shows care and thought for the future.
Synonyms- : wisely, judiciously, sagaciously, shrewdly
Antonyms - unwisely, imprudently, incautiously, extravagantly
Example -As there is water crisis, we must actprudently to save the water.
3)Double whammy(Noun) (दोहरा झटका) : da-ble-vay-mi
Meaning – a twofold blow or setback.
Synonyms- : blow, bad luck, calamity, curse, bane
Antonyms - benefit, advantage, blessing
Example - With the cold weather and the high cost of heating fuel, homeowners were hit with a double whammy this winter.
4)Uphold(Verb) (समर्थन करना , पुष्टि करना) : up-hold
Meaning – confirm or support (something which has been questioned)/maintain (a custom or practice).
Synonyms- : confirm, endorse, sustain, validate, ratify, verify
Antonyms - overturn, oppose, abandon
Example - After thinking about it for several hours, the judge decided to uphold the first judge’s decision and send the inmate back to jail.
5)Handout (Noun)(लाभ, (वित्तीय) समर्थन): hand-out
Meaning - a quantity of financial or other material aid given to a person or organisation.
Synonyms - aid, benefit, (financial) support.
Antonyms - Impediment, hurt
Example -The family wasn't interested in government handouts.
6)Existential (Adjective)(अस्तित्व): ex-is-ten-tial
Meaning -something relating or dealing with existence
Synonyms:realist, observational
Antonyms - Speculative, theoretic
Example -Perhaps the most existential question is “what is the meaning of life?”
7) Fiery (Adjective) (उग्र): fier-y
Meaning - having a passionate and quick-tempered nature , consisting of fire or burning strongly and brightly
Synonyms - strong, powerful; ardent, fervent.
Antonyms - Cool, impassive, peaceful
Example - She was a fiery, brilliant and unyielding intellectual and politician.
8) Inadvertently (Adverb) ( अनजाने में): in-ad-vert-ent-ly
Meaning -without intention of doing so
Synonyms - accidentally, unintentionally; mistakenly
Antonyms - Knowingly, advertently, consciously
Example - I inadvertently pressed the wrong button and it resulted in loss of my article.
9)Viability (Noun)( व्यवहार्यता,बड़ी जीवन-शक्ति ):vaye--bil-i-tee
Meaning - the ability to survive successfully.
Synonyms - Resilience, Vitality, endurance
Antonyms - Impracticality, unfeasibility
Example: She is very negative about the long-term viability of the project.
10)Endow(Verb) (प्रदान करना,से संपन्न बनाना) : en-do
Meaning – give or bequeath an income or property to (a person or institution)/provide with a quality, ability, or asset.
Synonyms- : provide, supply, furnish, equip, invest, give
Antonyms- dispossess, divest, strip deplete, drain, exhaust
Example -The billionaire will endow the school of nursing with a huge donation.
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