Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu* 7,9,11,12April

*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
7,9,11,12April

1)Atrocity (noun) (क्रूरता): atro-city
Meaning – a horrific action
Synonyms-: act of barbarity, act of brutality, act of savagery, act of wickedness, cruelty, abomination, enormity
Antonyms -   good behaviour, kindness, pleasantness, pleasantry
Example - When the president learned of the dictator’s atrocity, he promised to help remove the cruel leader from power.

2)Disparate (adjective)(असमान, विभिन्न): dis-parayte
Meaning – very different from each other
Synonyms-: contrasting, different, differing, dissimilar, unlike
Antonyms -   homogeneous, similar, comparable, equivalent, like, analogous
Example - Everyone in the book club has disparate ideas on what we have read, but that’s what makes every discussion so interesting.

3)Unpalatable (adjective) (कड़ा, अप्रिय): un-pelet-bal
Meaning – unpleasant to the taste/difficult to put up with or accept.
Synonyms-: unappetizing, uninviting, unappealing, disagreeable, unpleasant
Antonyms -   palatable, tasty,  pleasant, acceptable, satisfactory
Example - He had been bold enough to speak the unpalatable truth.

4)Dispel (verb)  (दूर करना): dis-pel
Meaning – to cause to depart or be broken apart
Synonyms-: banish, eliminate, dismiss
Antonyms - engender, produce, create
Example - When the president made his speech about the state of the country’s security, he hoped his words would dispel public fears.

5)Conducive (adjective)(सहायक, हितकर): cun-dew-siv
Meaning – to cause or produce something
Synonyms-:  good for, favourable, beneficial, advantageous.
Antonyms -   unfavourable, adverse, critical, hostile
Example -Two things that I do to everyday for a conducive mind is drink plenty of water and get plenty of exercise.

6)Unleash (verb) – (खोल देना): cun-leash
Meaning – to set free from a restraint/cause (a strong or violent force) to be released or become unrestrained.
Synonyms-: let loose, release, set free.
Antonyms - restrain, prevent, stop, keep
Example - The war could unleash unstoppable political and economic changes.

7)Pragmatic (adjective)  (व्यावहारिक): prag-may-tic
Meaning – concentrating on practical results and facts instead of speculation and opinion
Synonyms-: practical, efficient, sensible, realistic
Antonyms -  theoretical, unrealistic, inefficient, idealistic, impractical, unprofessional
Example - My mother is quite pragmatic in nature and never does anything without rationalizing it first.

8)Marginalise (verb) (हाशिए पर) : marzin-lise
Meaning – treat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or peripheral.
Synonyms-: minor, undervalue, underrate, disregard
Antonyms -   Elevate, promote, praise
Example -By removing religion from the public space, we marginalize it.

*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*

9)Against the grain (phrase)  (स्वभाव के विरुद्ध होना) :
Meaning – contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something.
Synonyms-: opposite, different, contrary
Antonyms - Similar
Example -  It goes against the grain to accept that any forest can be improved by the removal of a tree.

10)Lay down (phrasal verb)   ( निर्धारित करना, स्थापित करना) :
Meaning - to state officially what someone must do or how they must do it/to put something down in order to show you are not going to use it again, for example, a weapon or tool/to tell someone what to do or how to behave in a way that shows that you expect them to obey you completely
Synonyms-: prescribe,formulate, stipulate
Example -  The Companies Act lays down a set of minimum requirements.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*

1)Laxity (noun)   (ढील): lax-ity
Meaning – lack of strictness or care/the state of being relaxed, easy-going, or not very strict
Synonyms-: negligence, neglect, omission, indiscretion, slackness, inattention.
Antonyms -  vigilance, caution, attention, alacrity, heed
Example - The prevalent laxity toward examination caused Raman to fail.

2)Din (verb)   (शोर): din
Meaning – a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise [Noun]
 make a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise, make (someone) learn or remember an idea by constant repetition[Verb]
Synonyms-:  uproar, commotion, cacophony, babel, hubbub, tumult, instil
Antonyms -   silence, quiet
Example - They made so much din that I couldn't hear you.

3)Unassailable (verb)   (अभेद्य): un-assl-able
Meaning – unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated/safe from being overtaken
Synonyms-:  impregnable, invulnerable, impenetrable, inviolable, invincible, unconquerable
Antonyms -  assailable, defenceless
Example - When the runner looked back and did not see anyone in the distance, he knew he had an unassailable lead in the race.

4)Stalemate (verb)   (गतिरोध): stale-ment
Meaning – a situation in which movement is not possible by either side/
Synonyms-:  deadlock, impasse, standstill, dead end, stand-off, draw, tie
Antonyms - headway, progress
Example - A stalemate was reached when neither of the chess players could make a legitimate move.

5)Adjournment (verb)   (स्थगन): ad-jurn-ment
Meaning – an act or period of postponing or cancelling (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later/go somewhere for rest or refreshment.
Synonyms-:  suspension, breaking off, discontinuation, interruption, postponement, rescheduling, deferment
Antonyms -  continuation, persistence, beginning, commencement, continuance
Example - The court's adjournment means that a decision will not be reached until December at the earliest.

6)Dubious (verb)   (संदिग्ध): du-bi-us
Meaning – causing doubt, hesitating or doubting/not to be relied upon; suspect.
Synonyms-:  doubtful, uncertain, unsure, in doubt, hesitant
Antonyms -  certain, definite, trustworthy, decisive
Example - The elder brother warned her sister about dubious emails.

7)Retrospective (verb)   (पूर्वप्रभावी, पुनरावलोकन): retro-es-pek-tiv
Meaning – relating to things that occurred previously, looking back on or dealing with past events or situations.
Synonyms-: Backdated, retroactive, ex-post facto, backward-looking
Antonyms - Prospective, future
Example - Sometimes we need to look back and take a retrospective view of our lives in order to determine our futures.

*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*

8) Pipe down (verb)   (शांत हो जाना):
Meaning – to become quiet; to cease making noise; to shut up/
Synonyms-: Stop talking, be quiet, be silent, hush
Antonyms -  speak out, speak up, talk up
Example -The teacher commanded the students to pipe down.

9)Delve into (verb)   (में तल्लीन):
Meaning –to examine or study something thoroughly and carefully
Synonyms-: ponder, explore, check, scrutinize
Antonyms - forget, ignore, neglect
Example - He was considered a great employee because he would delve into every task given to him.
*Challenging Words in the Article  The Hindu*

1)Perceptible (adjective)  (ध्यान देने योग्य): per-sep-tible
Meaning– Able to be seen or noticed.
Synonyms- noticeable, perceivable, detectable, discernible
Antonyms- Imperceptible, inconspicuous
Example-The perceptible tremor in the old man’s hands caught the doctor’s attention.

2)Sermonise (verb) (राय व्यक्त करना): ser-mo-nize
Meaning– Deliver an opinionated and dogmatic talk to someone, express moral judgements.
Synonyms- admonish, edify, evangelize, lecture, pontificate, preach
Antonyms -   praise
Example-My grandmother is all right until she starts sermonizing and then she is unbearable.



3)Devoid of (adjective) (विहीन): de-void of
Meaning– To lack or be without something that is necessary or usual/entirely lacking or free from.
Synonyms- lacking, without, free from/of, empty of, vacant of, void of
Antonyms-Filled, provided, supplied full, replete, rife
Example - We need rainfall or the lake will bedevoid of water.



4)Recalibration (noun) (पुन: परिवर्तन करना): re-cali-bra-shun
Meaning – to change the way you do or think about something/to make small changes to an instrument so that it measures accurately/calibrate (something) again or differently.
Synonyms- Readjustment
Antonyms -Maintain, remain, stay
Example - The administration appears to haverecalibrated its strategy.



5)Credence (noun)   (विश्वसनीयता): cre-dens
Meaning– The likelihood of something being true, belief in or acceptance of something as true.
Synonyms- acceptance, belief, faith, trust

Antonyms- Distrust, scepticism
Example- The jury found it hard to give credenceto the testimony provided by the convicted felon.


6)Overdue (adjective)  (अतिदेय): ov-er-dew

Meaning – Not having arrived, happened, or been done by the expected time.
Synonyms-: late, not on time, behind schedule, delayed, belated, tardy, unpunctual
Antonyms -Early, punctual, on time
Example -  The rent of the family was nearly three months overdue.



7)Meddling (verb) (हस्तक्षेप, दखल): med-ling
Meaning – Interfere with something that is not one's concern.
Synonyms-  interfere, intrude, intervene, interlope, pry, poke, nose
Antonyms -Mind one's own business, leave alone
Example - My sister is always meddling in other people's affairs.



8)Contentious (adjective) (विवादास्पद): con-ten-shi-yas
Meaning – Causing or likely to cause an argument
Synonyms-   controversial, disputable, debatable
Antonyms -Uncontroversial, anodyne
Example - The author wrote a contentious novel which caused a great deal of unrest.

*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article*

8)Put aside (phrasal verb)  (उपेक्षा करना, अनदेखा करना)
Meaning–To temporarily stop focusing on or paying attention to something/To reserve or save something for someone or for a later use.
Synonyms- Disregard, neglect, ignore, forget, set aside, ignore
Antonyms- Heed, attention
Example-  Put the financial aspects aside for a moment and focus on what kind of work would make you the happiest.

9)Steer clear of (phrase) (दूर रहना)
Meaning– To avoid someone or something that seems unpleasant, dangerous, or likely to cause problems.
Synonyms- Keep away from, keep one's distance from, keep at arm's length, eschew
Antonyms- Seek out, confront
Example- The 8:00 train is always late, so steer clear of it if you want to be on time.
**Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu**

1)Reluctance (noun)   (अनिच्छा): re-luc-tance
Meaning– unwillingness or disinclination to do something.
Synonyms-  unwillingness, disinclination, hesitation, diffidence, timidity, timorousness, trepidation
Antonyms- willingness, eagerness
Example-Ministers have shown extreme reluctance to explain their points to the media.

2)Assuage (verb) (शांत करना): as-u-age
Meaning–to provide relief; causing to feel better
Synonyms- alleviate, mitigate/reduce, relieve.
Antonyms - aggravate
Example- In an effort to assuage angry customers, the store issued everyone a full refund.



3)Irrational (adjective)  (तर्कहीन): ir-ray-shun-al
Meaning– devoid of reason, not logical or reasonable.
Synonyms- unreasonable, illogical, groundless, baseless, unfounded, unjustifiable
Antonyms-rational, logical
Example - Arachnophobia is known as anirrational fear of spiders.



4)Soar (verb) (ऊंची उड़ान भरना): so-r
Meaning – to rise high, increase rapidly above the usual level
Synonyms-  escalate, surge, mount
Antonyms -plummet, plunge, drop, dive
Example - The number of unemployment filings began to soar after the company layoffs began.



5)Binding   (अनिवार्य): bind-ing
Meaning– (of an agreement or promise) involving an obligation that cannot be broken.[Adjective].
A strong covering holding the pages of a book together.[Noun]
Synonyms- irrevocable, unalterable, mandatory/compulsory.

Antonyms- reversible, temporary
Example- The parties agreed to settle the dispute through binding arbitration.


6)Admonish (verb)  (धिक्कारना): ad-mon-ish

Meaning – to scold; to warn strongly
Synonyms-: reprimand, rebuke, scold, reprove, upbraid
Antonyms -praise, commend, applaud
Example - The teacher would admonish students for repeatedly forgetting the lines.



7)Bonafides (noun) (नेकनीयती): bona-fydes
Meaning – a person's honesty and sincerity of intention/documentary evidence showing that a person is what they claim to be; credentials.
Synonyms-  authentic, genuine, real, true, actual, sterling
Antonyms - fake, bogus
Example - To make sure you are a bona fidebuyer, the real estate agent will check your credit before allowing you to view the house.



8)Disquiet (adjective) (बेचैनी): dis-qua-it
Meaning – a feeling of worry and anxiety
Synonyms- unease, uneasiness, worry, anxiety, anxiousness, distress, concern
Antonyms -calm, cool, tranquil
Example - The novel is a tense thriller that willdisquiet the reader.

Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article

9)Set off (phrasal verb) – (चल पड़ना)
Meaning–  to start a journey, or to start going in a particular direction/ to cause something to operate, especially by accident/ to make something explode
Synonyms- start, begin, initiate
Antonyms-finish, end, stop
Example-  The President's envoy set off on another diplomatic trip.

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