*Challenging Words in the Article -*
3marh - 10March
1)Redux (adjective) (उच्चता,महानता): re-dux
Meaning - brought back/Something that happens all over again
Synonyms - revived, restored, retain
Antonyms - Abol ish,scrap, end, stop, terminate, eradicate
Example - The 1980's retro fashion redux has become fashionable again.
2)Dip (verb) (गिरावट, उतरना,): dip
Meaning - sink, drop, or slope downwards.
Synonyms - down, fall, descend, decrease, decline
Antonyms - rise,increase,grow,expand
Example -The Prime Minister's popularity hasdipped.
3)Glitch (noun) (गड़बड़): gli-ch
Meaning - a sudden usually temporary malfunction or fault of a equipment.
Synonyms - problem, issue,complication, difficulty,.
Antonyms - perfection,strength
Example - A glitch in the escalators caused everyone to go up and down from stairs.
4)Haste (verb) (जल्दी): hey-st
Meaning - excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.
Synonyms - quickness, hurry, urgency.
Antonyms - slowness, delay
Example - The law enforcement officers knew they needed to move in haste if they wanted to capture the escaped criminals.
5)Reckon (verb) (गणना करना): rek-on
Meaning - conclude after calculation; be of the opinion/to anticipate a specific thing will occur, establish by calculation.
Synonyms - calculate, compute, quantify.
Antonyms - distrust, doubt, mistrust, question, suspect
Example - Due to the sudden decrease in demand of the Maggi, losses were reckoned to be over a million dollars.
6)Stagger (adjective) (लड़खड़ाहट): sta-gur
Meaning - to cause to waver or doubt
Synonyms - unsteady, volatile, changing.
Antonyms - firm,resolute.decided
Example - When Himesh was offered a higher salary, he started to stagger on his decision to leave the company.
7)Disparity (noun) (असमानता): dis-parity
Meaning - the quality or state of being different
Synonyms -inequality, discrepancy, inconsistency, imbalance
Antonyms - parity, similarity
Example -There is a huge disparity between the crime rates in the urban cities and the crime rates in the rural areas.
*Challenging Words in the Article THE HINDU*
1)Miff(Noun)( मनमुटाव): Mi-f
Meaning - a petty quarrel (Noun) / to annoy by ill humor (Verb)
Synonyms - displease, offend, aggravation, anger, annoyance, bother
Antonyms -satisfaction appeasement, mollification, pacification
Example - She was miffed that he'd forgotten her name.
2)Dissident (Noun)( मतभेद करनेवाला): disi-dent
Meaning - a person who opposes the current political structure, group or laws; one who disagrees
Synonyms - dissenter, objector, protester, disputant
Antonyms -conformist
Example - The dissident was jailed for refusing to obey the law.
3)Benign (Adjective)( सौम्य): be-nine
Meaning - having no significant effect/gentle and kind/not harmful
Synonyms - temperate, mild, gentle, clement, calm, balmy, pleasant
Antonyms - unfriendly, hostile harsh, unhealthy, unfavourable
Example - The eco-friendly company will only drill for oil in areas where its practices are benign.
4)Subtle(Adjective)( सूक्ष्म): sub-tal
Meaning - hard to notice or see/(especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe.
Synonyms - fine, fine-drawn, nice, overnice, minute, precise, narrow
Antonyms -crude ,lurid, obvious
Example - In the game, people are asked to identify the subtle differences between the similar pictures.
5)Lofty (Adjective) ( बुलंद): lof-ti
Meaning - great and worthy of praise
Synonyms - tall, high, giant, towering, soaring
Antonyms - low, short
Example - When Jenny achieved her lofty objective of graduating from medical school, she cried for joy.
6)Avenue(Noun)( मार्ग): aven-ue
Meaning - a way of approaching a problem or making progress towards something.
Synonyms - : line, path, direction, route-
Example -The minister suggested three possibleavenues of dealing with the problem in the state.
7)Assassinate (Verb)( हत्या करना): ass-as-inate
Meaning - to murder a famous or otherwise important person with a surprise attack
Synonyms - : murder, kill, execute, slaughter, butcher, liquidate
Antonyms - raise, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revive
Example -There was a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but the would-be murderer was not able to get close enough.
Idioms/Phrases -
8)Silver lining (Idiom)( उम्मीद की किरण): sil-var-line-ig
Meaning - to emphasize the hopeful side of a situation that might seem gloomy on the surface/a comforting or hopeful aspect of an otherwise desperate or unhappy situation
Synonyms -Bright side, comforting prospect, good side
Example - No matter if all the doors are closed in someone's life, there is always a silver liningwhich a person needs to see.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Profligacy (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार,अय्याशी): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - reckless extravagance or wastefulness in the use of resources/ wildly extravagance/shamelessly immoral
Synonyms - recklessness, profusion, exorbitance, harlotry, lecherousness
Antonyms - economical,frugality,lack
Example - During the prime minister's campaign, he swore to put an end to fiscal profligacy.
2)Buoyant (adjective) ( प्रसन्नचित्त,प्रगतिशील): bo-yant
Meaning - joyful, optimistic and self-assured/ (of an economy, business, or market) involving or engaged in a much successful trade or activity
Synonyms - booming, strong, vigorous, burgeoning, thriving, growing
Antonyms - depressed,down,deteriorate
Example -Car sales are buoyant as the Price has been decreased in the new budget.
3)Leeway (noun) ( छूट,स्वतंत्रता): li-way
Meaning - the amount of freedom or flexibility to move or act that is available.
Synonyms - freedom, liberty, licence
Antonyms - constraint, restriction
Example -I have no leeway to suggest anything to my father.
4)Undergird (verb) ( लौटा): under-gird
Meaning - provide support or a firm basis for.
Synonyms - bolster,hold,reinforce,uphold,base
Antonyms - undermine, weaken, contradict
Example -Faith undergirds moral principles.
5)Pare (verb) – ( छाँटना,कम करना): pah-re
Meaning - reduce (something) in size, extent, or quantity in a number of small successive stages/trim (something) by cutting away its outer edges.
Synonyms - cut down,decrease,lowe,prune,reduce,slash
Antonyms - expand, grow, increase, raise
Example -Union leaders publicly pared down their demands when the state government paid no attention to them.
6)Laggard (noun) ( सुस्त): la-guard
Meaning - moving or proceeding at less than the normal, desirable, or required speed
Synonyms - dawdler, straggler, idler, delayer, sluggard
Antonyms - expeditious, prompt, ready accelerated, hastened, quickened
Example - Because Jenna is always the last one to arrive in the class, she is considered thelaggard of our class.
7)Beset (verb) ( घेर लेना): be-set
Meaning - be covered or studded with/(of a problem or difficulty) trouble (someone or something) persistently/
Synonyms - Perplex,surround, encircle,storm,enclose,invade
Antonyms - surrender,aid,assist,release,loose
Example -The country is beset by severe economic problems.
*Idioms and Phrases*
8)On the face of it (phrase) ( ऊपर-ऊपर से,पहली नज़र में,प्रत्यक्षतः):
Meaning - without knowing all of the relevant facts; apparently.
Synonyms - ostensibly, superficially, apparently, seemingly, evidently, outwardly
Antonyms - improbably, unlikely, dubiously
Example - Things seem to be improving on the face of it, but there is still a huge problem with crime in the inner city.
9)Out of the woods (phrase) – ( कठिनाइयों से बाहर):
Meaning - Out of difficulties, danger or trouble/past a critical phase
Synonyms - intact,protect,secure
Antonyms -insecure, in danger, unprotected
Example - When the patient got out of the woods, everyone relaxed.
10)Bear in mind (phrase) – ( ध्यान में रखना):
Meaning - To remember, think about, or consider someone or something (in regard to something else)/To remember and consider something when making a decision or before taking action
Synonyms -think about, consider, include, take into account, be mindful, remember
Antonyms - ignore,exclude,neglect
Example - Before you ask for a raise, bear in mindthat the company isn't doing well financially right now.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Fugitive (adjective) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - quick to disappear; fleeting/an individual who is fleeing incarceration or a threatening situation
Synonyms - transient, transitory, ephemeral, evanescent
Antonyms - permanent, long-lasting
Example - As he daydreamed, fugitive thoughts passed through his mind.
2)Forfeiture (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - the loss or giving up of something as a penalty for wrongdoing/giving up (a property or a right as a result of violating legality).
Synonyms - confiscation, sequestration, loss, losing, denial
Antonyms - retain, keep, maintain
Example - Failure to meet repayments leads automatically to forfeiture of the lease.
3)Confiscation (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - the action of taking or seizing someone's property with authority; seizure.
Synonyms - seizure, impounding, commandeering, requisition
Antonyms - return,deliver
Example - According to school policy, the principal has the authority to confiscatesuspicious items from students.
4)Enshrine (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - preserve (a right, tradition, or idea) in a form that ensures it will be protected and respected.
Synonyms - embody, manifest, incorporate, preserve, treasure, protect
Antonyms - condemn, desecrate, defile, disrespect
Example - A lot of memories are enshrined in this photo album.
5)Recoup (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - regain (something lost or expended)/to earn back
Synonyms - get back, regain, recover, win back, retrieve, repossess, redeem
Antonyms - lose, mislay, misplace
Example - The airlines are adding a fuel surcharge to ticket prices in an effort to recouptheir deficits caused by increased fuel prices.
6)Impunity (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action.
Synonyms - immunity, indemnity, exemption
Antonyms - liability, responsibility
Example - Despite the heinous nature of the crimes they committed, the old men receivedimpunity from the court because of their ages.
7)Ratify (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.
Synonyms - accredit, approve, authorize, clear, confirm
Antonyms - ban, enjoin, forbid, illegalize, interdict, prohibit
Example - The shareholders will ratify any merger that will increase their dividends.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Gory(adjective) (रक्तमय): gor-e
Meaning - involving or showing violence and bloodshed.
Synonyms - grisly, gruesome, violent, bloodthirsty, bloody, brutal, savage
Antonyms - charming, uplifting
Example -The teenagers should not watch movies that feature gory violence.
2)Topple (adjective) (गिर पड़ना): taw-pal
Meaning - overbalance or cause to overbalance and fall/remove (a government or person in authority) from power; overthrow.
Synonyms - overthrow, oust, depose, unseat, overturn
Antonyms - establish, hold, increase ,rise ,support
Example - It is the high time to take some serious and effective steps to topple the orthodoxy of the society.
3)Brawn(adjective) (मांसपेशी): braw-n
Meaning - physical strength in contrast to intelligence/muscular power or strength
Synonyms - burly, husky, tough, powerful,
Antonyms - weakness, puniness
Example - A commando's work required as much brain as brawn.
4)Synergetic(adjective) (सहयोग): sin-er-jet-ik
Meaning - to work together, cooperate/Involving the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Synonyms - agreeing, coacting, coadjuvant, collaborating, harmonious, combined
Antonyms - hindrance, hurt, injury, antagonism, disagreement, discord
Example -The country aims to develop a highlysynergetic global management platform’
5)Render(adjective) (प्रस्तुत करना): ren-der
Meaning - to cause someone or something to be in a particular state/to provide or give (a service, help, etc.)
Synonyms - make,cause,reason
Example - New technology has renderedmy old computer obsolete.
6)Indoctrinate(adjective) (राज़ी करना): in-dok-truh-neyt
Meaning -to convince people to believe a certain idea or concept/ teach (a person or group) to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
Synonyms - brainwash, propagandize, proselytize, inculcate, re-educate, persuade, convince,
Antonyms - unlearn, dissuade, neglect
Example -A teacher's job is not to indoctrinate his students but rather to teach them how to discover their own knowledge.
7)Transformative (adjective) (परिवर्तनकारी): trans-for-mative
Meaning - causing a marked change in someone or something.
Synonyms - reframing, revolutionary, breakthrough
Antonyms - uneventful, ordinary, common
Example - The transformative power of technology is making our lives easier than before.
8)Mimic(adjective) (नकल): mim-ik
Meaning - imitate (someone or their actions or words), especially in order to entertain or ridicule/imitative of something.
Synonyms - apish, canned, emulative, formulaic, imitative, mimetic, slavish, unoriginal
Antonyms - authentic, bona fide, legitimate, true genuine, natural, real
Example -imitate, copy, impersonate, mock
9)Obsolete (adjective) (अप्रचलित): obso-lete
Meaning -no longer produced or used; out of date.
Synonyms - outdated, outmoded, old-fashioned
Antonyms - contemporary, current, modern, new, up to date
Example - If you look inside of most classrooms, you will not see chalkboards because they are nearly obsolete in education today.
10)Maniac(adjective) (पागल): mey-nee-ak
Meaning - a person exhibiting extremely wild or violent behaviour.
Synonyms - lunatic, psychopath, psychotic
Antonyms - carper, critic, nonadmirer, detractor
Example - A maniac driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph.driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Apprehensive (adjective) (भयभीत): appri-hen-civ
Meaning - worried that something bad may happen; afraid
Synonyms - anxious, alarmed, worried, concerned
Antonyms - confident,assured,optimistic
Example - The apprehensive parents kept their children indoors as neighbourhood crime increased.
2)Attune (verb) (लय में करना): at-une
Meaning - to customize or modify something to be more receptive or capable
Synonyms - accustom, adjust, adapt, acclimatize, assimilate
Antonyms - disarrange, disagree, refuse
Example - You can attune yourself to any future situation by participating in them more often, as practice at anything will inevitably make you better at it.
3)Augment (verb) (बढ़ाना): awg-ment
Meaning - to increase the size or amount of something
Synonyms - increase, add to, supplement, enlarge, expand, extend
Antonyms - abate, decrease, diminish, downsize, lessen, lower, minify, reduce
Example - Reading regularly will augment your vocabulary skills.
4)Strive (verb) (प्रयास): es-trive
Meaning - to struggle or try something very hard
Synonyms - try, assay, attempt, endeavour,seek
Antonyms - drop, give up, quit
Example - Even though she was the best swimmer on the team, she continued to strive to improve her swim times.
5)Underscore (verb) (बल देना): under-es-core
Meaning - to highlight, call attention to
Synonyms - stress, accent, emphasize, underline
Antonyms - de-emphasize ,understate
Example - The speaker showed the students pictures of car crashes to underscore the danger of driving under the influence.
6)Imposition (noun) (आरोपण): im-posi-shun
Meaning - an unreasonable and burdening demand or request
Synonyms - load, onus, encumbrance, strain, demand, pressure
Example - Everyone knew it would be an imposition to require all students to have test on Saturday in such short notice.
7)Map (verb) (ख़ाका बनाना): map
Meaning -to find the position of something/to discover or give information about something
Synonyms - trace out, delineate, survey.
Antonyms - distort, disfigure, mangle
Example -Scientists have succeeded in mapping the human genome.
Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article-
8)Come on stream (phrase)(प्रभावी होना)
Meaning - to start to work or be effective/in or into operation or existence
Synonyms - available, accessible, connected, possible
Antonyms - impossible, unavailable
Example - More jobs are coming on stream as the economy is booming.
9)Scale up (phrasal verb) (वृद्धि, विस्तार)
Meaning - to make something larger in size, amount etc than it used to be
Synonyms - increase, expand, extend, blow up, enlarge, lengthen
Antonyms -scale down, decrease
Example -Due to the large demand for the product, we need to scale upour production capacity.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Subdue (verb) (वश में): Sub-due
Meaning - overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person).
Synonyms - conquer, defeat, vanquish, quash, overpower, overwhelm
Antonyms - aggravate,agitate,build up
Example - She managed to subdue and overcome her fears.
2)Rebound (verb) (वापिस पाना, प्रतिक्षेप): re-baw-und
Meaning - recover in value, amount, or strength after a decrease or decline./(increase in something (value, amount) after a decline).
Synonyms - recover, pick-up, rally
Antonyms - decline, fail, worsen
Example - The company seems to be on the rebound as the demand for its product is increasing.
3)Temper (verb) (शांत होना, संतुलित होना ): tem-par
Meaning - act as a neutralizing or counterbalancing force to (something).
Synonyms - moderate, modulate, tone down, reduce, lighten
Antonyms -increase, exacerbate, aggravate
Example - My criticism of others has been tempered over time by my own experience with failure.
4)Volatility (noun)(अस्थिरता): vole-tili-ti
Meaning - liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse.
Synonyms - capricious, changeable, changeful, fickle
Antonyms - stable, constant
Example - Banks are less eager to lend money to an industry with irrational volatility.
5)Sideways (adverb) (अप्रत्यक्ष तरीके से): side-ways
Meaning - by an indirect way.
Synonyms - aslant, indirectly, obliquely, laterally, sidewards
Antonyms - direct, straight, straightforward, right
Example -He came into politics sideways, as campaign manager for Ronald Reagan"
6)Rein in (verb) (नियंत्रण करना): rein-in
Meaning - to limit or control (someone or something)
Synonyms - control, halt, restrict, regulate, curb
Antonyms - aid, allow, assist continue
Example -We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity for our first foreign trip.
7)Dampen (verb) (निस्र्त्साह करना): damp-en
Meaning - make less strong or intense.
Synonyms - lessen, decrease, diminish, reduce, lower, moderate.
Antonyms - heighten, intensify, increase, enhance
Example -Nothing could dampen the enthusiasm of Virat Kohli to become a cricketer, not even sudden demise of his father.
8)Infuse (verb) (भरना,उडेलना): in-fuse
Meaning - to fill with a certain quality
Synonyms - introduce, inject, add.
Antonyms - deprive, divest, empty, eliminate, remove
Example -Many of the girls seemed to be infusedwith excitement on seeing the snow.
9)Taper tantrum (noun): tay-per-tan-trum
Meaning - Taper tantrum is the term used to refer Federal Reserve's use of tapering to gradually reduce the amount of money it was feeding into the economy and this resulted into the sudden increase of the treasury.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
10)Keep someone on his/her toes/feet (phrase) (किसी का ध्यान केंद्रित कराना ताकि वे हर परिस्थिति से निपटने के लिए तैयार रहे)
Meaning - to make someone concentrate so that they are ready to deal with anything that might happen
Synonyms - be viable, be alert
Antonyms - ignore, neglect
Example - He keeps changing the rules, just tokeep us on our toes.
3marh - 10March
1)Redux (adjective) (उच्चता,महानता): re-dux
Meaning - brought back/Something that happens all over again
Synonyms - revived, restored, retain
Antonyms - Abol ish,scrap, end, stop, terminate, eradicate
Example - The 1980's retro fashion redux has become fashionable again.
2)Dip (verb) (गिरावट, उतरना,): dip
Meaning - sink, drop, or slope downwards.
Synonyms - down, fall, descend, decrease, decline
Antonyms - rise,increase,grow,expand
Example -The Prime Minister's popularity hasdipped.
3)Glitch (noun) (गड़बड़): gli-ch
Meaning - a sudden usually temporary malfunction or fault of a equipment.
Synonyms - problem, issue,complication, difficulty,.
Antonyms - perfection,strength
Example - A glitch in the escalators caused everyone to go up and down from stairs.
4)Haste (verb) (जल्दी): hey-st
Meaning - excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.
Synonyms - quickness, hurry, urgency.
Antonyms - slowness, delay
Example - The law enforcement officers knew they needed to move in haste if they wanted to capture the escaped criminals.
5)Reckon (verb) (गणना करना): rek-on
Meaning - conclude after calculation; be of the opinion/to anticipate a specific thing will occur, establish by calculation.
Synonyms - calculate, compute, quantify.
Antonyms - distrust, doubt, mistrust, question, suspect
Example - Due to the sudden decrease in demand of the Maggi, losses were reckoned to be over a million dollars.
6)Stagger (adjective) (लड़खड़ाहट): sta-gur
Meaning - to cause to waver or doubt
Synonyms - unsteady, volatile, changing.
Antonyms - firm,resolute.decided
Example - When Himesh was offered a higher salary, he started to stagger on his decision to leave the company.
7)Disparity (noun) (असमानता): dis-parity
Meaning - the quality or state of being different
Synonyms -inequality, discrepancy, inconsistency, imbalance
Antonyms - parity, similarity
Example -There is a huge disparity between the crime rates in the urban cities and the crime rates in the rural areas.
*Challenging Words in the Article THE HINDU*
1)Miff(Noun)( मनमुटाव): Mi-f
Meaning - a petty quarrel (Noun) / to annoy by ill humor (Verb)
Synonyms - displease, offend, aggravation, anger, annoyance, bother
Antonyms -satisfaction appeasement, mollification, pacification
Example - She was miffed that he'd forgotten her name.
2)Dissident (Noun)( मतभेद करनेवाला): disi-dent
Meaning - a person who opposes the current political structure, group or laws; one who disagrees
Synonyms - dissenter, objector, protester, disputant
Antonyms -conformist
Example - The dissident was jailed for refusing to obey the law.
3)Benign (Adjective)( सौम्य): be-nine
Meaning - having no significant effect/gentle and kind/not harmful
Synonyms - temperate, mild, gentle, clement, calm, balmy, pleasant
Antonyms - unfriendly, hostile harsh, unhealthy, unfavourable
Example - The eco-friendly company will only drill for oil in areas where its practices are benign.
4)Subtle(Adjective)( सूक्ष्म): sub-tal
Meaning - hard to notice or see/(especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe.
Synonyms - fine, fine-drawn, nice, overnice, minute, precise, narrow
Antonyms -crude ,lurid, obvious
Example - In the game, people are asked to identify the subtle differences between the similar pictures.
5)Lofty (Adjective) ( बुलंद): lof-ti
Meaning - great and worthy of praise
Synonyms - tall, high, giant, towering, soaring
Antonyms - low, short
Example - When Jenny achieved her lofty objective of graduating from medical school, she cried for joy.
6)Avenue(Noun)( मार्ग): aven-ue
Meaning - a way of approaching a problem or making progress towards something.
Synonyms - : line, path, direction, route-
Example -The minister suggested three possibleavenues of dealing with the problem in the state.
7)Assassinate (Verb)( हत्या करना): ass-as-inate
Meaning - to murder a famous or otherwise important person with a surprise attack
Synonyms - : murder, kill, execute, slaughter, butcher, liquidate
Antonyms - raise, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revive
Example -There was a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but the would-be murderer was not able to get close enough.
Idioms/Phrases -
8)Silver lining (Idiom)( उम्मीद की किरण): sil-var-line-ig
Meaning - to emphasize the hopeful side of a situation that might seem gloomy on the surface/a comforting or hopeful aspect of an otherwise desperate or unhappy situation
Synonyms -Bright side, comforting prospect, good side
Example - No matter if all the doors are closed in someone's life, there is always a silver liningwhich a person needs to see.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Profligacy (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार,अय्याशी): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - reckless extravagance or wastefulness in the use of resources/ wildly extravagance/shamelessly immoral
Synonyms - recklessness, profusion, exorbitance, harlotry, lecherousness
Antonyms - economical,frugality,lack
Example - During the prime minister's campaign, he swore to put an end to fiscal profligacy.
2)Buoyant (adjective) ( प्रसन्नचित्त,प्रगतिशील): bo-yant
Meaning - joyful, optimistic and self-assured/ (of an economy, business, or market) involving or engaged in a much successful trade or activity
Synonyms - booming, strong, vigorous, burgeoning, thriving, growing
Antonyms - depressed,down,deteriorate
Example -Car sales are buoyant as the Price has been decreased in the new budget.
3)Leeway (noun) ( छूट,स्वतंत्रता): li-way
Meaning - the amount of freedom or flexibility to move or act that is available.
Synonyms - freedom, liberty, licence
Antonyms - constraint, restriction
Example -I have no leeway to suggest anything to my father.
4)Undergird (verb) ( लौटा): under-gird
Meaning - provide support or a firm basis for.
Synonyms - bolster,hold,reinforce,uphold,base
Antonyms - undermine, weaken, contradict
Example -Faith undergirds moral principles.
5)Pare (verb) – ( छाँटना,कम करना): pah-re
Meaning - reduce (something) in size, extent, or quantity in a number of small successive stages/trim (something) by cutting away its outer edges.
Synonyms - cut down,decrease,lowe,prune,reduce,slash
Antonyms - expand, grow, increase, raise
Example -Union leaders publicly pared down their demands when the state government paid no attention to them.
6)Laggard (noun) ( सुस्त): la-guard
Meaning - moving or proceeding at less than the normal, desirable, or required speed
Synonyms - dawdler, straggler, idler, delayer, sluggard
Antonyms - expeditious, prompt, ready accelerated, hastened, quickened
Example - Because Jenna is always the last one to arrive in the class, she is considered thelaggard of our class.
7)Beset (verb) ( घेर लेना): be-set
Meaning - be covered or studded with/(of a problem or difficulty) trouble (someone or something) persistently/
Synonyms - Perplex,surround, encircle,storm,enclose,invade
Antonyms - surrender,aid,assist,release,loose
Example -The country is beset by severe economic problems.
*Idioms and Phrases*
8)On the face of it (phrase) ( ऊपर-ऊपर से,पहली नज़र में,प्रत्यक्षतः):
Meaning - without knowing all of the relevant facts; apparently.
Synonyms - ostensibly, superficially, apparently, seemingly, evidently, outwardly
Antonyms - improbably, unlikely, dubiously
Example - Things seem to be improving on the face of it, but there is still a huge problem with crime in the inner city.
9)Out of the woods (phrase) – ( कठिनाइयों से बाहर):
Meaning - Out of difficulties, danger or trouble/past a critical phase
Synonyms - intact,protect,secure
Antonyms -insecure, in danger, unprotected
Example - When the patient got out of the woods, everyone relaxed.
10)Bear in mind (phrase) – ( ध्यान में रखना):
Meaning - To remember, think about, or consider someone or something (in regard to something else)/To remember and consider something when making a decision or before taking action
Synonyms -think about, consider, include, take into account, be mindful, remember
Antonyms - ignore,exclude,neglect
Example - Before you ask for a raise, bear in mindthat the company isn't doing well financially right now.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Fugitive (adjective) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - quick to disappear; fleeting/an individual who is fleeing incarceration or a threatening situation
Synonyms - transient, transitory, ephemeral, evanescent
Antonyms - permanent, long-lasting
Example - As he daydreamed, fugitive thoughts passed through his mind.
2)Forfeiture (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - the loss or giving up of something as a penalty for wrongdoing/giving up (a property or a right as a result of violating legality).
Synonyms - confiscation, sequestration, loss, losing, denial
Antonyms - retain, keep, maintain
Example - Failure to meet repayments leads automatically to forfeiture of the lease.
3)Confiscation (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - the action of taking or seizing someone's property with authority; seizure.
Synonyms - seizure, impounding, commandeering, requisition
Antonyms - return,deliver
Example - According to school policy, the principal has the authority to confiscatesuspicious items from students.
4)Enshrine (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - preserve (a right, tradition, or idea) in a form that ensures it will be protected and respected.
Synonyms - embody, manifest, incorporate, preserve, treasure, protect
Antonyms - condemn, desecrate, defile, disrespect
Example - A lot of memories are enshrined in this photo album.
5)Recoup (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - regain (something lost or expended)/to earn back
Synonyms - get back, regain, recover, win back, retrieve, repossess, redeem
Antonyms - lose, mislay, misplace
Example - The airlines are adding a fuel surcharge to ticket prices in an effort to recouptheir deficits caused by increased fuel prices.
6)Impunity (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action.
Synonyms - immunity, indemnity, exemption
Antonyms - liability, responsibility
Example - Despite the heinous nature of the crimes they committed, the old men receivedimpunity from the court because of their ages.
7)Ratify (verb) ( भ्रष्टाचार): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning - sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.
Synonyms - accredit, approve, authorize, clear, confirm
Antonyms - ban, enjoin, forbid, illegalize, interdict, prohibit
Example - The shareholders will ratify any merger that will increase their dividends.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Gory(adjective) (रक्तमय): gor-e
Meaning - involving or showing violence and bloodshed.
Synonyms - grisly, gruesome, violent, bloodthirsty, bloody, brutal, savage
Antonyms - charming, uplifting
Example -The teenagers should not watch movies that feature gory violence.
2)Topple (adjective) (गिर पड़ना): taw-pal
Meaning - overbalance or cause to overbalance and fall/remove (a government or person in authority) from power; overthrow.
Synonyms - overthrow, oust, depose, unseat, overturn
Antonyms - establish, hold, increase ,rise ,support
Example - It is the high time to take some serious and effective steps to topple the orthodoxy of the society.
3)Brawn(adjective) (मांसपेशी): braw-n
Meaning - physical strength in contrast to intelligence/muscular power or strength
Synonyms - burly, husky, tough, powerful,
Antonyms - weakness, puniness
Example - A commando's work required as much brain as brawn.
4)Synergetic(adjective) (सहयोग): sin-er-jet-ik
Meaning - to work together, cooperate/Involving the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Synonyms - agreeing, coacting, coadjuvant, collaborating, harmonious, combined
Antonyms - hindrance, hurt, injury, antagonism, disagreement, discord
Example -The country aims to develop a highlysynergetic global management platform’
5)Render(adjective) (प्रस्तुत करना): ren-der
Meaning - to cause someone or something to be in a particular state/to provide or give (a service, help, etc.)
Synonyms - make,cause,reason
Example - New technology has renderedmy old computer obsolete.
6)Indoctrinate(adjective) (राज़ी करना): in-dok-truh-neyt
Meaning -to convince people to believe a certain idea or concept/ teach (a person or group) to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
Synonyms - brainwash, propagandize, proselytize, inculcate, re-educate, persuade, convince,
Antonyms - unlearn, dissuade, neglect
Example -A teacher's job is not to indoctrinate his students but rather to teach them how to discover their own knowledge.
7)Transformative (adjective) (परिवर्तनकारी): trans-for-mative
Meaning - causing a marked change in someone or something.
Synonyms - reframing, revolutionary, breakthrough
Antonyms - uneventful, ordinary, common
Example - The transformative power of technology is making our lives easier than before.
8)Mimic(adjective) (नकल): mim-ik
Meaning - imitate (someone or their actions or words), especially in order to entertain or ridicule/imitative of something.
Synonyms - apish, canned, emulative, formulaic, imitative, mimetic, slavish, unoriginal
Antonyms - authentic, bona fide, legitimate, true genuine, natural, real
Example -imitate, copy, impersonate, mock
9)Obsolete (adjective) (अप्रचलित): obso-lete
Meaning -no longer produced or used; out of date.
Synonyms - outdated, outmoded, old-fashioned
Antonyms - contemporary, current, modern, new, up to date
Example - If you look inside of most classrooms, you will not see chalkboards because they are nearly obsolete in education today.
10)Maniac(adjective) (पागल): mey-nee-ak
Meaning - a person exhibiting extremely wild or violent behaviour.
Synonyms - lunatic, psychopath, psychotic
Antonyms - carper, critic, nonadmirer, detractor
Example - A maniac driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph.driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Apprehensive (adjective) (भयभीत): appri-hen-civ
Meaning - worried that something bad may happen; afraid
Synonyms - anxious, alarmed, worried, concerned
Antonyms - confident,assured,optimistic
Example - The apprehensive parents kept their children indoors as neighbourhood crime increased.
2)Attune (verb) (लय में करना): at-une
Meaning - to customize or modify something to be more receptive or capable
Synonyms - accustom, adjust, adapt, acclimatize, assimilate
Antonyms - disarrange, disagree, refuse
Example - You can attune yourself to any future situation by participating in them more often, as practice at anything will inevitably make you better at it.
3)Augment (verb) (बढ़ाना): awg-ment
Meaning - to increase the size or amount of something
Synonyms - increase, add to, supplement, enlarge, expand, extend
Antonyms - abate, decrease, diminish, downsize, lessen, lower, minify, reduce
Example - Reading regularly will augment your vocabulary skills.
4)Strive (verb) (प्रयास): es-trive
Meaning - to struggle or try something very hard
Synonyms - try, assay, attempt, endeavour,seek
Antonyms - drop, give up, quit
Example - Even though she was the best swimmer on the team, she continued to strive to improve her swim times.
5)Underscore (verb) (बल देना): under-es-core
Meaning - to highlight, call attention to
Synonyms - stress, accent, emphasize, underline
Antonyms - de-emphasize ,understate
Example - The speaker showed the students pictures of car crashes to underscore the danger of driving under the influence.
6)Imposition (noun) (आरोपण): im-posi-shun
Meaning - an unreasonable and burdening demand or request
Synonyms - load, onus, encumbrance, strain, demand, pressure
Example - Everyone knew it would be an imposition to require all students to have test on Saturday in such short notice.
7)Map (verb) (ख़ाका बनाना): map
Meaning -to find the position of something/to discover or give information about something
Synonyms - trace out, delineate, survey.
Antonyms - distort, disfigure, mangle
Example -Scientists have succeeded in mapping the human genome.
Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article-
8)Come on stream (phrase)(प्रभावी होना)
Meaning - to start to work or be effective/in or into operation or existence
Synonyms - available, accessible, connected, possible
Antonyms - impossible, unavailable
Example - More jobs are coming on stream as the economy is booming.
9)Scale up (phrasal verb) (वृद्धि, विस्तार)
Meaning - to make something larger in size, amount etc than it used to be
Synonyms - increase, expand, extend, blow up, enlarge, lengthen
Antonyms -scale down, decrease
Example -Due to the large demand for the product, we need to scale upour production capacity.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Subdue (verb) (वश में): Sub-due
Meaning - overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person).
Synonyms - conquer, defeat, vanquish, quash, overpower, overwhelm
Antonyms - aggravate,agitate,build up
Example - She managed to subdue and overcome her fears.
2)Rebound (verb) (वापिस पाना, प्रतिक्षेप): re-baw-und
Meaning - recover in value, amount, or strength after a decrease or decline./(increase in something (value, amount) after a decline).
Synonyms - recover, pick-up, rally
Antonyms - decline, fail, worsen
Example - The company seems to be on the rebound as the demand for its product is increasing.
3)Temper (verb) (शांत होना, संतुलित होना ): tem-par
Meaning - act as a neutralizing or counterbalancing force to (something).
Synonyms - moderate, modulate, tone down, reduce, lighten
Antonyms -increase, exacerbate, aggravate
Example - My criticism of others has been tempered over time by my own experience with failure.
4)Volatility (noun)(अस्थिरता): vole-tili-ti
Meaning - liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse.
Synonyms - capricious, changeable, changeful, fickle
Antonyms - stable, constant
Example - Banks are less eager to lend money to an industry with irrational volatility.
5)Sideways (adverb) (अप्रत्यक्ष तरीके से): side-ways
Meaning - by an indirect way.
Synonyms - aslant, indirectly, obliquely, laterally, sidewards
Antonyms - direct, straight, straightforward, right
Example -He came into politics sideways, as campaign manager for Ronald Reagan"
6)Rein in (verb) (नियंत्रण करना): rein-in
Meaning - to limit or control (someone or something)
Synonyms - control, halt, restrict, regulate, curb
Antonyms - aid, allow, assist continue
Example -We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity for our first foreign trip.
7)Dampen (verb) (निस्र्त्साह करना): damp-en
Meaning - make less strong or intense.
Synonyms - lessen, decrease, diminish, reduce, lower, moderate.
Antonyms - heighten, intensify, increase, enhance
Example -Nothing could dampen the enthusiasm of Virat Kohli to become a cricketer, not even sudden demise of his father.
8)Infuse (verb) (भरना,उडेलना): in-fuse
Meaning - to fill with a certain quality
Synonyms - introduce, inject, add.
Antonyms - deprive, divest, empty, eliminate, remove
Example -Many of the girls seemed to be infusedwith excitement on seeing the snow.
9)Taper tantrum (noun): tay-per-tan-trum
Meaning - Taper tantrum is the term used to refer Federal Reserve's use of tapering to gradually reduce the amount of money it was feeding into the economy and this resulted into the sudden increase of the treasury.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
10)Keep someone on his/her toes/feet (phrase) (किसी का ध्यान केंद्रित कराना ताकि वे हर परिस्थिति से निपटने के लिए तैयार रहे)
Meaning - to make someone concentrate so that they are ready to deal with anything that might happen
Synonyms - be viable, be alert
Antonyms - ignore, neglect
Example - He keeps changing the rules, just tokeep us on our toes.
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