**Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu**
19,21,22,23 March
1)Plummet(noun) (गिरावट): pluhm-it
Meaning – fall or drop straight down at high speed.
Synonyms- plunge, dive, drop, crash, collapse, decline
Antonyms-ascend, go up, grow, increase
Example -When the economy improves, we can expect to see the unemployment rate plummet.
2)Contemplation (noun) (चिंतन): con-tem-pla-tion
Meaning – the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time.
Synonyms- inspection, observation, meditation, consideration, pondering, musing, rumination
Antonyms- disregard, ignore, overlook, slight, dismiss
Example - When the accountant was asked tocontemplate the current budget, he discovered many ways the company could save money.
3)Grail(noun) (बेसब्री ): grey-l
Meaning – a thing which is eagerly pursued or sought after.
Synonyms- wanted, awaited, desire
Antonyms- unwanted, neglected, abandoned
Example -Appearing to be the perfect candidate, the rising senator seemed to be the party’s holygrail.
4)Foggy (noun) (धूमिल): fog-gi-est
Meaning – unable to think clearly/full of or characterized by fog.
Synonyms- muddled, fuddled, misty, hazy
Antonyms-clear, obvious, evident
Example - His ideas on this subject are a bit foggy.
5)Malevolent (noun) (द्रोही): muh-lev-uh-lent
Meaning – having or showing a wish to do evil to others.
Synonyms- malicious, spiteful, hostile, evil-minded, baleful, bitter
Antonyms- benevolent, kindly, kind-hearted, warm-hearted
Example - Because of their malevolent purposes, hand grenades are not allowed on commercial flights.
6)Pervasive(noun) (व्यापक): per-vey-siv
Meaning – (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.
Synonyms- prevalent, penetrating, pervading, permeating, extensive
Antonyms- rare, scarce, uncommon
Example - In many cities, police corruption is apervasive issue that touches all communities.
7)Pseudonymous(noun) (उपनाम ): soo-don-uh-mus
Meaning – writing or written under a false name.
Synonyms- pen name, assumed name, incognito, alias, false name
Example - The famous singer always checks into hotels under a pseudonym so her fans will not find her.
8)Anticipate (noun) (पूर्वानुमान): an-tis-uh-peyt
Meaning – regard as probable; expect or predict.
Synonyms- expect, foresee, predict, think likely, forecast, prophesy, foretell
Antonyms- doubt, disbelieve
Example - He eagerly anticipated the arrival of her daughter.
9)Bleakness (noun) ( निराशाजनक स्थिति): bleak-ness
Meaning – the quality or state of being bare and inhospitable/the quality or state of being hopeless, discouraging, or unlikely to have a favourable outcome.
Synonyms- distress, cheerlessness, dejection
Antonyms- benefit, blessing, liveliness, contentment
Example -Trying not to give in to the bleakness and misery of his surroundings, he is convinced that he is just one fighter away from success.
10)Imposition(noun) (आरोपण): im-puh-zish-un
Meaning –an unreasonable and burdening demand or request
Synonyms- foisting, forcing, inflicting, obtruding, pressing
Antonyms- abate, diminish, lessen forgive, release condone, disregard
Example - Riya’s nature of imposition by always asking her co-workers to do her work caused her to lose her job.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Plausible (adjective)(स्वीकार्य,विश्वसनीय लगने वाला): plaw-ci-bal
Meaning – something appearing reasonable or probable
Synonyms- credible, reasonable, believable, likely, feasible, probable, tenable, possible
Antonyms- unlikely, improbable
Example - The writer of the movie consulted a professional athlete in order to make his sports’ film more plausible.
2)Cavern (noun) (गुफा): kay-vern
Meaning – a large cave or chamber in a cave.
Synonyms- large cave, grotto, hollow, cavity
Example - Because it was so dark inside thecavern, the hikers couldn’t see the bats hanging from the top of the cave.
3)Overturn (verb) (उलटाव, रद्द करना ): over-turn
Meaning – abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.).
Synonyms- cancel, reverse, rescind, repeal, revoke, retract
Antonyms- allow, accept
Example - The results overturned previous findings of the scientist.
4)Backdrop (noun) –(पृष्ठभूमि): back-drop
Meaning – the general situation in which particular events happen
Synonyms- situation, scenario, context.
Example - The election will take place against abackdrop of increasing instability.
5) Unaccredited (adjective) (निषिद्ध): un-ac-cred-it-ed
Meaning – not recognized as having attained an acceptable standard.
Synonyms- unlicensed, unauthorised, unrecognised
Antonyms- authorized, authorised, recognized
Example - At the present time there's about 4.8% of childcare centres in Australia that areunaccredited because they're not meeting our standards at the present time.
6)Hotspot(noun) (महत्वपूर्ण गतिविधि, खतरे या हिंसा की जगह): hot-spot
Meaning –a place of significant activity, danger, or violence.
Example - They identified eight pollution hotspotsat the mouth of the Ganga river.
7)Stake (noun) (दाँव): es-take
Meaning – a situation involving competition in a specified area.
Synonyms- competition, contest, battle, challenge, rivalry, race, running,
Antonyms- concord, harmony, peace
Example - The President is staking his future on the current peace talks.
7) Side-step (verb) (टालना): side-step
Meaning – to avoid an issue or decision
Synonyms- avoid, bypass, evade, escape,dodge
Antonyms- confront, indulge
Example - The minister sidestepped the reporter's question.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Leave much to be desired (phrase) (अत्यधिक असंतोषजनक):
Meaning – be highly unsatisfactory.
Synonyms- of low quality, of low standard, disagreeable
Antonyms- satisfactory, agreeable, perfect
Example - I feel the quality of some of our ministers leaves a lot to be desired.
*Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu*
1)Confabulation (noun) (बातचीत): con-fabu-lay-shun
Meaning – an exchange of views for the purpose of exploring a subject or deciding an issue/friendly, informal conversation or an instance of this
Synonyms- debate, discussion, discourse, conversation,argument, back-and-forth, colloquy
Antonyms- Listening, quiet, silence
Example - We began our confabulation with that traditional icebreaker: an innocuous discussion of the weather.
2)Moot (सुझाव देना, प्रश्न उठाना): moot
Meaning – raise (a question or topic) for discussion; suggest (an idea or possibility) [Verb]/ subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty[Adjective]/having little or no practical relevance,having no real point [Adjective]
Synonyms- raise, bring up, broach, mention, put forward, introduce, advance, present, propose
Antonyms- elucidate, explain, spell out, delineate, describe, irrefutable, definite, unambiguous
Example - Richard was the first to moot the idea of book writing to his brother two years ago. (suggest (an idea or possibility)
Whether the temperature rise was mainly due to the greenhouse effect was a mootpoint. (subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty)
It's a moot point whether men or women are better drivers. (having no real point)
3)Concede (verb) –(स्वीकार करना): con-cede
Meaning – admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it/surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege).
Synonyms- admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant, recognize
Antonyms- deny, contradict, repudiate
Example - The police will concede to the kidnapper’s demands if the hostages are released.
4)Resonance (noun) (गूंज): reso-nance
Meaning - that which causes something to be significant to an individual/the quality that makes emotions, memories & etc.
Synonyms- orotund, resounding, reverberant
Antonyms- cavernous, hollow faint, low, murmurous, muted, smothered, soft, weak
Example - Because Rick was born into a family of millionaires, he felt no resonance with the homeless man’s story.
5)Pretence (noun) (दिखावा): pre-ten-ce
Meaning – an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true/a claim to have a particular skill or quality.
Synonyms- simulation, falsification, dissimulation, invention, imagination, self-deception
Antonyms- reality, honesty
Example - His anger is masked by a pretence that all is well.
6)Non-committal (adjective) (कपटपूर्ण): non-kami-tal
Meaning – not expressing or revealing commitment to a definite opinion or course of action.
Synonyms- evasive,careful, equivocal, temporizing, guarded, circumspect, reserved
Antonyms- revealing, careless, indiscreet
Example - Until the test results come in, the doctor is going to remain noncommittal on his patient’s diagnosis.
Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
7)At the mercy of (phrase) (की दया पर):
Meaning – completely in the power of.
Synonyms- in the power of, under/in the control of, in the clutches of, in the palm of someone's hand, under the heel of
Antonyms- free, independent, self-governing, self-governed, self-ruling,
Example - When you're a minor, you're totally at the mercy of your parents.
8)Prop up (phrasal verb) (phrase) (संभालना, सहारा देना)):
Meaning – to help a government, system, organization etc to continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support/to stop something from falling by putting something under it or against it
Synonyms- support, help, aid, assist
Antonyms- neglect, abandon, undermine
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu,*
1)Inviolable (adjective) (अनुल्लंघनीय): in-via-lay-bal
Meaning – never to be broken, infringed, or dishonoured.
Synonyms- inalienable, absolute, untouchable, unalterable, unchallengeable, unbreakable
Antonyms- blasphemous, irreverent, profane, sacrilegious
Example - Her parents made it clear that the rules of curfew were inviolable.
2)Stall (verb) (रोकना): es-tall
Meaning – to bring (something) to a standstill
Synonyms- baffle, block, bottleneck, clog, hinder, impede, obstruct
Antonyms- carry on, continue, follow through (with), keep (on), keep up, persist, run on
Example - The whole point of a red light is to stall the flow of traffic by stopping all of the cars coming its way.
3)Spiral(verb) (रोकना): es-tall
Meaning – decrease or deteriorate continuously.
Synonyms- deteriorate, decline, degenerate, worsen
Antonyms- improve, ameliorate, upgrade, refine, enhance
Example -World Bank expects the figures tospiral down further
4) Subvert (verb) (पलट देना) : sub-vert
Meaning - to attempt to undercut or overthrow a person or group’s authority
Synonyms - undermine, destabilize, weaken.
Antonyms - enhance, purify, clean
Example - Since the prince was in a hurry to become king, he planned to subvert his father’s influence by convincing everyone the leader was insane.
5) Strain (noun) (तनाव): streyn
Meaning - to make a strenuous effort
Synonyms - struggle , stress , pressure
Antonyms - relax, rest, wellness
Example -The air traffic control system is under the strain of an immense volume of scheduled flights.
6) Resentment (noun) (नाराज़गी ) : ri-sent-ment
Meaning - anger or bitterness related to something that happened in the past
Synonyms - bitterness, indignation, hostility.
Antonyms - helpfulness, blessing, togetherness
Example: Resentment of the past caused the man to be full of anger and stopped him from living a happy life.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
7)In the wake of (phrase) (के परिणामस्वरूप):
Meaning – following (someone or something), especially as a consequence.
Synonyms- aftermath, following, behind
Antonyms- antecedent, before, prior
Example - In the wake of the scandal, several committee members resigned.
8)Rough up (phrasal verb) ( आक्रमण करना,पीट देना):
Meaning – To use physical violence against someone; to push someone around with physical force
Synonyms- beat up, mistreat, attack, manhandle
Antonyms-treat well, help, aid, protect
Example -People shot the video of the police roughing the man up on the street before arresting him.
9)Follow suit (phrase) ( अनुकरण करना):
Meaning – To take some action along with others/to follow in the same pattern; to follow someone else's example
19,21,22,23 March
1)Plummet(noun) (गिरावट): pluhm-it
Meaning – fall or drop straight down at high speed.
Synonyms- plunge, dive, drop, crash, collapse, decline
Antonyms-ascend, go up, grow, increase
Example -When the economy improves, we can expect to see the unemployment rate plummet.
2)Contemplation (noun) (चिंतन): con-tem-pla-tion
Meaning – the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time.
Synonyms- inspection, observation, meditation, consideration, pondering, musing, rumination
Antonyms- disregard, ignore, overlook, slight, dismiss
Example - When the accountant was asked tocontemplate the current budget, he discovered many ways the company could save money.
3)Grail(noun) (बेसब्री ): grey-l
Meaning – a thing which is eagerly pursued or sought after.
Synonyms- wanted, awaited, desire
Antonyms- unwanted, neglected, abandoned
Example -Appearing to be the perfect candidate, the rising senator seemed to be the party’s holygrail.
4)Foggy (noun) (धूमिल): fog-gi-est
Meaning – unable to think clearly/full of or characterized by fog.
Synonyms- muddled, fuddled, misty, hazy
Antonyms-clear, obvious, evident
Example - His ideas on this subject are a bit foggy.
5)Malevolent (noun) (द्रोही): muh-lev-uh-lent
Meaning – having or showing a wish to do evil to others.
Synonyms- malicious, spiteful, hostile, evil-minded, baleful, bitter
Antonyms- benevolent, kindly, kind-hearted, warm-hearted
Example - Because of their malevolent purposes, hand grenades are not allowed on commercial flights.
6)Pervasive(noun) (व्यापक): per-vey-siv
Meaning – (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.
Synonyms- prevalent, penetrating, pervading, permeating, extensive
Antonyms- rare, scarce, uncommon
Example - In many cities, police corruption is apervasive issue that touches all communities.
7)Pseudonymous(noun) (उपनाम ): soo-don-uh-mus
Meaning – writing or written under a false name.
Synonyms- pen name, assumed name, incognito, alias, false name
Example - The famous singer always checks into hotels under a pseudonym so her fans will not find her.
8)Anticipate (noun) (पूर्वानुमान): an-tis-uh-peyt
Meaning – regard as probable; expect or predict.
Synonyms- expect, foresee, predict, think likely, forecast, prophesy, foretell
Antonyms- doubt, disbelieve
Example - He eagerly anticipated the arrival of her daughter.
9)Bleakness (noun) ( निराशाजनक स्थिति): bleak-ness
Meaning – the quality or state of being bare and inhospitable/the quality or state of being hopeless, discouraging, or unlikely to have a favourable outcome.
Synonyms- distress, cheerlessness, dejection
Antonyms- benefit, blessing, liveliness, contentment
Example -Trying not to give in to the bleakness and misery of his surroundings, he is convinced that he is just one fighter away from success.
10)Imposition(noun) (आरोपण): im-puh-zish-un
Meaning –an unreasonable and burdening demand or request
Synonyms- foisting, forcing, inflicting, obtruding, pressing
Antonyms- abate, diminish, lessen forgive, release condone, disregard
Example - Riya’s nature of imposition by always asking her co-workers to do her work caused her to lose her job.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Plausible (adjective)(स्वीकार्य,विश्वसनीय लगने वाला): plaw-ci-bal
Meaning – something appearing reasonable or probable
Synonyms- credible, reasonable, believable, likely, feasible, probable, tenable, possible
Antonyms- unlikely, improbable
Example - The writer of the movie consulted a professional athlete in order to make his sports’ film more plausible.
2)Cavern (noun) (गुफा): kay-vern
Meaning – a large cave or chamber in a cave.
Synonyms- large cave, grotto, hollow, cavity
Example - Because it was so dark inside thecavern, the hikers couldn’t see the bats hanging from the top of the cave.
3)Overturn (verb) (उलटाव, रद्द करना ): over-turn
Meaning – abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.).
Synonyms- cancel, reverse, rescind, repeal, revoke, retract
Antonyms- allow, accept
Example - The results overturned previous findings of the scientist.
4)Backdrop (noun) –(पृष्ठभूमि): back-drop
Meaning – the general situation in which particular events happen
Synonyms- situation, scenario, context.
Example - The election will take place against abackdrop of increasing instability.
5) Unaccredited (adjective) (निषिद्ध): un-ac-cred-it-ed
Meaning – not recognized as having attained an acceptable standard.
Synonyms- unlicensed, unauthorised, unrecognised
Antonyms- authorized, authorised, recognized
Example - At the present time there's about 4.8% of childcare centres in Australia that areunaccredited because they're not meeting our standards at the present time.
6)Hotspot(noun) (महत्वपूर्ण गतिविधि, खतरे या हिंसा की जगह): hot-spot
Meaning –a place of significant activity, danger, or violence.
Example - They identified eight pollution hotspotsat the mouth of the Ganga river.
7)Stake (noun) (दाँव): es-take
Meaning – a situation involving competition in a specified area.
Synonyms- competition, contest, battle, challenge, rivalry, race, running,
Antonyms- concord, harmony, peace
Example - The President is staking his future on the current peace talks.
7) Side-step (verb) (टालना): side-step
Meaning – to avoid an issue or decision
Synonyms- avoid, bypass, evade, escape,dodge
Antonyms- confront, indulge
Example - The minister sidestepped the reporter's question.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
8)Leave much to be desired (phrase) (अत्यधिक असंतोषजनक):
Meaning – be highly unsatisfactory.
Synonyms- of low quality, of low standard, disagreeable
Antonyms- satisfactory, agreeable, perfect
Example - I feel the quality of some of our ministers leaves a lot to be desired.
*Challenging Words in the Article The Hindu*
1)Confabulation (noun) (बातचीत): con-fabu-lay-shun
Meaning – an exchange of views for the purpose of exploring a subject or deciding an issue/friendly, informal conversation or an instance of this
Synonyms- debate, discussion, discourse, conversation,argument, back-and-forth, colloquy
Antonyms- Listening, quiet, silence
Example - We began our confabulation with that traditional icebreaker: an innocuous discussion of the weather.
2)Moot (सुझाव देना, प्रश्न उठाना): moot
Meaning – raise (a question or topic) for discussion; suggest (an idea or possibility) [Verb]/ subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty[Adjective]/having little or no practical relevance,having no real point [Adjective]
Synonyms- raise, bring up, broach, mention, put forward, introduce, advance, present, propose
Antonyms- elucidate, explain, spell out, delineate, describe, irrefutable, definite, unambiguous
Example - Richard was the first to moot the idea of book writing to his brother two years ago. (suggest (an idea or possibility)
Whether the temperature rise was mainly due to the greenhouse effect was a mootpoint. (subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty)
It's a moot point whether men or women are better drivers. (having no real point)
3)Concede (verb) –(स्वीकार करना): con-cede
Meaning – admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it/surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege).
Synonyms- admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant, recognize
Antonyms- deny, contradict, repudiate
Example - The police will concede to the kidnapper’s demands if the hostages are released.
4)Resonance (noun) (गूंज): reso-nance
Meaning - that which causes something to be significant to an individual/the quality that makes emotions, memories & etc.
Synonyms- orotund, resounding, reverberant
Antonyms- cavernous, hollow faint, low, murmurous, muted, smothered, soft, weak
Example - Because Rick was born into a family of millionaires, he felt no resonance with the homeless man’s story.
5)Pretence (noun) (दिखावा): pre-ten-ce
Meaning – an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true/a claim to have a particular skill or quality.
Synonyms- simulation, falsification, dissimulation, invention, imagination, self-deception
Antonyms- reality, honesty
Example - His anger is masked by a pretence that all is well.
6)Non-committal (adjective) (कपटपूर्ण): non-kami-tal
Meaning – not expressing or revealing commitment to a definite opinion or course of action.
Synonyms- evasive,careful, equivocal, temporizing, guarded, circumspect, reserved
Antonyms- revealing, careless, indiscreet
Example - Until the test results come in, the doctor is going to remain noncommittal on his patient’s diagnosis.
Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -
7)At the mercy of (phrase) (की दया पर):
Meaning – completely in the power of.
Synonyms- in the power of, under/in the control of, in the clutches of, in the palm of someone's hand, under the heel of
Antonyms- free, independent, self-governing, self-governed, self-ruling,
Example - When you're a minor, you're totally at the mercy of your parents.
8)Prop up (phrasal verb) (phrase) (संभालना, सहारा देना)):
Meaning – to help a government, system, organization etc to continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support/to stop something from falling by putting something under it or against it
Synonyms- support, help, aid, assist
Antonyms- neglect, abandon, undermine
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu,*
1)Inviolable (adjective) (अनुल्लंघनीय): in-via-lay-bal
Meaning – never to be broken, infringed, or dishonoured.
Synonyms- inalienable, absolute, untouchable, unalterable, unchallengeable, unbreakable
Antonyms- blasphemous, irreverent, profane, sacrilegious
Example - Her parents made it clear that the rules of curfew were inviolable.
2)Stall (verb) (रोकना): es-tall
Meaning – to bring (something) to a standstill
Synonyms- baffle, block, bottleneck, clog, hinder, impede, obstruct
Antonyms- carry on, continue, follow through (with), keep (on), keep up, persist, run on
Example - The whole point of a red light is to stall the flow of traffic by stopping all of the cars coming its way.
3)Spiral(verb) (रोकना): es-tall
Meaning – decrease or deteriorate continuously.
Synonyms- deteriorate, decline, degenerate, worsen
Antonyms- improve, ameliorate, upgrade, refine, enhance
Example -World Bank expects the figures tospiral down further
4) Subvert (verb) (पलट देना) : sub-vert
Meaning - to attempt to undercut or overthrow a person or group’s authority
Synonyms - undermine, destabilize, weaken.
Antonyms - enhance, purify, clean
Example - Since the prince was in a hurry to become king, he planned to subvert his father’s influence by convincing everyone the leader was insane.
5) Strain (noun) (तनाव): streyn
Meaning - to make a strenuous effort
Synonyms - struggle , stress , pressure
Antonyms - relax, rest, wellness
Example -The air traffic control system is under the strain of an immense volume of scheduled flights.
6) Resentment (noun) (नाराज़गी ) : ri-sent-ment
Meaning - anger or bitterness related to something that happened in the past
Synonyms - bitterness, indignation, hostility.
Antonyms - helpfulness, blessing, togetherness
Example: Resentment of the past caused the man to be full of anger and stopped him from living a happy life.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the Article -*
7)In the wake of (phrase) (के परिणामस्वरूप):
Meaning – following (someone or something), especially as a consequence.
Synonyms- aftermath, following, behind
Antonyms- antecedent, before, prior
Example - In the wake of the scandal, several committee members resigned.
8)Rough up (phrasal verb) ( आक्रमण करना,पीट देना):
Meaning – To use physical violence against someone; to push someone around with physical force
Synonyms- beat up, mistreat, attack, manhandle
Antonyms-treat well, help, aid, protect
Example -People shot the video of the police roughing the man up on the street before arresting him.
9)Follow suit (phrase) ( अनुकरण करना):
Meaning – To take some action along with others/to follow in the same pattern; to follow someone else's example
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