*Challenging Words In The Article The Hindu*
14,15,17,18 March
1) Foil (verb) ( विफल करना): faw-el
Meaning – prevent (something considered wrong or undesirable) from succeeding.
Synonyms- thwart, frustrate, counter, oppose, baulk, disappoint, impede
Antonyms- assist, help, abet, aid
Example - A brave policewoman foiled the armed robbery.
2) Abort (verb) ( निरस्त करना): ab-ort
Meaning – to cause something to stop or fail before it begins or before it is complete
Synonyms- terminate, end, halt, stop
Antonyms- continue, complete, succeed
Example - We had no option but to abort the mission.
3)Edgy (adjective) ( असहज, नुकीला): egi
Meaning –tense, nervous, or irritable.
Synonyms- tense, nervous, on edge, highly strung
Antonyms- calm, still, tranquil, quiet, serene, peaceful,
Example - After the plane continued to shake uncontrollably, the passengers began to getedgy for fear of the plane crashing.
4) Defer (verb) ( टालना): de-fer
Meaning – put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone.
Synonyms- postpone, put off, adjourn, delay
Antonyms- act, deal (with), decide (upon), do, work (on)
Example -We agreed to defer a discussion of the issue until we had more information.
5) Chink (noun) ( दरार): chink
Meaning – a narrow opening, typically one that admits light.
Synonyms- opening, gap, space, hole, aperture, break
Antonyms- closing, closure
Example - The police watched them secretly, through a chink in the wall.
6) Render (verb) ( प्रस्तुत करना): ren-der
Meaning – provide or give (a service, help, etc.).
Synonyms- give, provide, supply, furnish, make available, contribute
Antonyms- hold, keep, take, conceal
Example - The rescue personnel will be here momentarily to render aid to the victims.
7) Roll out (noun) ( आधिकारिक लॉन्च): roll-out
Meaning – to make a new product, service, or system available for the first time
Synonyms-arise, get up, rise, turn out, uprise
Antonyms- bed (down), retire, turn in
Example - The company plans to roll outthe scheme across Europe in the coming months.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
8)In the making (phrase) (विकास या बनने की प्रक्रिया में):
Meaning - in the process of developing or being made.
Synonyms - budding, burgeoning, coming, emergent, growing, developing, nascent
Antonyms - completed, finished, polished
Example - She's the best actress in the school, so I think she's a Bollywood star in the making.
9)Make a pitch (phrase) (एक अनुबंध या अन्य व्यवसाय प्राप्त करने के लिए बोली ):
Meaning - make a bid to obtain a contract or other business.
Synonyms - try to obtain, try to acquire, try to get, bid for, make a bid for
Example - The company is making a pitch at a £200 million market.
10)On board (phrase) (साथ काम करना):
Meaning - Employed or working with
Example - We have a new engineer on boardwho specializes in repairing these kinds of computers.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu,*
1) Gruelling (adjective) ( थकानेवाला): gru-ling
Meaning – extremely tiring and demanding.
Synonyms- exhausting, tiring, fatiguing, wearying, enervating, taxing, draining
Antonyms- easy, effortless, facile, light, soft, undemanding
Example - The Prime Minister is having agruelling schedule these days.
2) Emissary (noun)( दूत): emesary
Meaning – a person sent as a diplomatic representative on a special mission.
Synonyms- envoy, ambassador, diplomat, delegate
Example - Since the president is too ill to attend the conference, he is sending the vice-president as his emissary.
3)Distress(adjective) ( संकट): dis-tress
Meaning – extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain.
Synonyms- anguish, suffering, pain, agony, ache
Antonyms- happiness, comfort
Example - Citizens voiced their distress over delays in fixing the problem.
4) Caveat (noun) ( चेतावनी): kav-at
Meaning – a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.
Synonyms-warning, caution, admonition, monition, red flag
Antonyms- carelessness, consonance, delinquency
Example - The caveat of the contract includes a penalty fee if the loan is not repaid on time.
5) Unflustered (adjective) ( शांत और आत्म-नियंत्रित): un-flus-tur-d
Meaning – not agitated; calm and self-controlled.
Synonyms- placid, unconcerned, unperturbed, unruffled, composed
Antonyms- anxious, disturbed
Example - The contented mind and unruffled spirit is the main reason behind her success in every task.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
6) Pitch in (phrasal verb) – ( अन्य लोगो के साथ शामिल होकर सहायता करना) :
Meaning – to join vigorously with other people in doing a job
Synonyms - help, assist, contribute, do one's bit, chip in, cooperate, collaborate
Antonyms - Hinder, impede, inhibit
Example - If we all pitch in, we can finish today.
7) Hearts and minds (भावनात्मक और बौद्धिक समर्थन या प्रतिबद्धता के संदर्भ में) :
Meaning – used in reference to emotional and intellectual support or commitment.
Example - The movie is critically acclaimed, but it remains to be seen whether it will capture the hearts and minds of the moviegoing public.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Fiasco (noun) (असफलता): fi-as-ko
Meaning – a total disaster
Synonyms- blunder, flop, failure, debacle
Antonyms-accomplishment, achievement, success
Example - Because there was no food or music at the party, everyone said the event was a fiasco.
2)Parlance (noun) (बोल-चाल, शब्द बोलने का ढंग): par-lance
Meaning – a way of speaking that is typical of a certain group or culture
Synonyms- jargon, language, phraseology, the way of speaking, vernacular
Antonyms-common language
Example - When I heard the computer programmers talking about coding, I could not understand a word of their parlance.
3)Bona fide (adjective) (प्रामाणिक): bona-fide
Meaning – genuine; real.
Synonyms- authentic, genuine, real, true, actual, sterling
Antonyms-corrupt, doubtful, implausible, false
Example - Make sure you are dealing with a bona fide company which is registered as per the norms.
4)Delinquent (adjective) (क़सूरवार): delin-quent
Meaning – (typically of a young person) tending to commit crime, particularly minor crime/failing in one's duty.
Synonyms- lawless, lawbreaking, offending, careless
Antonyms- well behaved, conformist
Example - Most delinquent children have deprived backgrounds.
5)Tangle (noun) (उलझन): tan-gal
Meaning – to become mixed together or intertwined
Synonyms- mess, complicated, twist, muddle, confused
Antonyms-organized, simple
Example - Environmentalists argue against the manufacturing of plastic due to the fact that marine life often tangles with the plastic trash in the ocean.
6)Unleash (verb) (खोल देना): un-leash
Meaning – to set free from a restraint
Synonyms- set free, discharge, let loose, release
Antonyms- hold, keep, restrain
Example - After I went to unleash the dog who had been chained to his cage for years, the dog attacked the first person it saw and ran away.
7)Knee-jerk (adjective) (एक त्वरित प्रतिक्रिया): knee-jurk
Meaning – (of a response) automatic and unthinking/a quick reaction that does not allow you time to consider something carefully
Synonyms- unplanned, sudden, unintentional, unthinking, automatic
Antonyms- intentional, considered
Example - This announcement seems to be more of a knee-jerk reaction than a considered response to a terrible problem.’
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
8)In cahoots (phrase) (मिलीभगत से):
Meaning – In close, often secretive or conspiratorial cooperation with someone.
Synonyms- unified, affiliated, collaborating (secretly), conspiring
Antonyms- uncoordinated, seperate
Example - It turned out that the business tycoon was in cahoots with local law enforcement to have the investigation dropped.
9)Rely on (phrasal verb) (भरोसा करना):
Meaning – to depend on someone or something; to trust in someone or something
Synonyms- depend on, count on, bank on
Antonyms- disbelieve, disregard, neglect
Example - We can't rely on this old car to go on the trip to Himachal Pradesh.
10)Come to light (phrase) (प्रकट होना):
Meaning – To be revealed or exposed
Synonyms- reveal, disclose, expose, uncover.
Antonyms- hush up, keep secret, remain secret, remain hidden
Example -Discrepancies in the yearly budget report only came to light after the auditors began analyzing it
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1) Exude (verb) (टपकाना, दिखाना ): ex-ud
Meaning – (of a person) to display (an emotion or quality) strongly and openly./(with reference to moisture or a smell) discharge or be discharged slowly and steadily.
Synonyms- emanate, emanate, radiate, ooze, discharge
Antonyms- absorb, take up
Example - After accomplishing so much, he was able to exude an extreme confidence.
2) Shattering (adjective) (चूर-चूर होना, विक्षुब्ध कर देने वाला ): shater-ing
Meaning – very shocking or upsetting.
Synonyms- devastate, shock, stun, daze, dumbfound, traumatize
Antonyms- please, excite
Example - The news of Sridevi's death came as a shattering blow.
3) Acclaim (noun) (वाहवाही होना ): acc-lame
Meaning – public praise and applause
Synonyms- praise, applause, admiration.
Antonyms- criticize, denounce, condemn, arraign, attack, lambaste
Example - Since her last movie, the amazing actress has won national acclaim and several Hollywood roles.
4) Invoke (verb) (आह्वान): in-voke
Meaning – to request aid, usually from a deity
Synonyms- cite, refer to, adduce.
Antonyms- relinquish, renounce, give up, abandon, reject, surrender, yield
Example - The celebrity will invoke assistance from the police to keep stalkers away from his property.
5) Endeavour(verb)(प्रयास): en-deav-our
Meaning – try hard to do or achieve something
Synonyms- attempt, try, effort.
Antonyms- idleness, inactivity, passivity
Example - They endeavoured to create a government that truly serves its people.
6) Ivory tower (noun)(पृथक्करण की स्थिति ): e-vory-tou-er
Meaning – a state of privileged seclusion or separation from the facts and practicalities of the real world.
Synonyms- solitude, isolation, theoretical
Example - It's all very well as a large company sitting in your ivory tower but if you have two months with no sales you are in trouble.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
7) Hold back (phrasal verb) (रोकना):
Meaning – to stop someone or something from moving forwards
Synonyms- hinder, obstruct, inhibit.
Antonyms- assist, encourage, promote
Example - Long-term water shortages can hold economic development back.
8) Come up with (phrasal verb) (प्रस्तुत करना):
Meaning – to think of something such as an idea or a plan
Synonyms- propose, suggest, present.
Antonyms-
Example - Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.
9)Let alone (phrase) (उल्लेख नहीं करना):
Meaning –used to indicate that something is far less likely or suitable than something else already mentioned/ not to mention or think of someone or something; not even to take someone or something into account.
Synonyms-not to mention
Example - I didn't invite John, let alone the rest of his family.
10)Grapple with (phrasal verb) (निपटना):
Meaning – to try hard to understand a difficult idea or to solve a difficult problem
Synonyms- challenge, confront, deal with, endure
Antonyms- aid, assist, avoid, neglect
Example - The government continued to grapple withthe issue of public transport.
14,15,17,18 March
1) Foil (verb) ( विफल करना): faw-el
Meaning – prevent (something considered wrong or undesirable) from succeeding.
Synonyms- thwart, frustrate, counter, oppose, baulk, disappoint, impede
Antonyms- assist, help, abet, aid
Example - A brave policewoman foiled the armed robbery.
2) Abort (verb) ( निरस्त करना): ab-ort
Meaning – to cause something to stop or fail before it begins or before it is complete
Synonyms- terminate, end, halt, stop
Antonyms- continue, complete, succeed
Example - We had no option but to abort the mission.
3)Edgy (adjective) ( असहज, नुकीला): egi
Meaning –tense, nervous, or irritable.
Synonyms- tense, nervous, on edge, highly strung
Antonyms- calm, still, tranquil, quiet, serene, peaceful,
Example - After the plane continued to shake uncontrollably, the passengers began to getedgy for fear of the plane crashing.
4) Defer (verb) ( टालना): de-fer
Meaning – put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone.
Synonyms- postpone, put off, adjourn, delay
Antonyms- act, deal (with), decide (upon), do, work (on)
Example -We agreed to defer a discussion of the issue until we had more information.
5) Chink (noun) ( दरार): chink
Meaning – a narrow opening, typically one that admits light.
Synonyms- opening, gap, space, hole, aperture, break
Antonyms- closing, closure
Example - The police watched them secretly, through a chink in the wall.
6) Render (verb) ( प्रस्तुत करना): ren-der
Meaning – provide or give (a service, help, etc.).
Synonyms- give, provide, supply, furnish, make available, contribute
Antonyms- hold, keep, take, conceal
Example - The rescue personnel will be here momentarily to render aid to the victims.
7) Roll out (noun) ( आधिकारिक लॉन्च): roll-out
Meaning – to make a new product, service, or system available for the first time
Synonyms-arise, get up, rise, turn out, uprise
Antonyms- bed (down), retire, turn in
Example - The company plans to roll outthe scheme across Europe in the coming months.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
8)In the making (phrase) (विकास या बनने की प्रक्रिया में):
Meaning - in the process of developing or being made.
Synonyms - budding, burgeoning, coming, emergent, growing, developing, nascent
Antonyms - completed, finished, polished
Example - She's the best actress in the school, so I think she's a Bollywood star in the making.
9)Make a pitch (phrase) (एक अनुबंध या अन्य व्यवसाय प्राप्त करने के लिए बोली ):
Meaning - make a bid to obtain a contract or other business.
Synonyms - try to obtain, try to acquire, try to get, bid for, make a bid for
Example - The company is making a pitch at a £200 million market.
10)On board (phrase) (साथ काम करना):
Meaning - Employed or working with
Example - We have a new engineer on boardwho specializes in repairing these kinds of computers.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu,*
1) Gruelling (adjective) ( थकानेवाला): gru-ling
Meaning – extremely tiring and demanding.
Synonyms- exhausting, tiring, fatiguing, wearying, enervating, taxing, draining
Antonyms- easy, effortless, facile, light, soft, undemanding
Example - The Prime Minister is having agruelling schedule these days.
2) Emissary (noun)( दूत): emesary
Meaning – a person sent as a diplomatic representative on a special mission.
Synonyms- envoy, ambassador, diplomat, delegate
Example - Since the president is too ill to attend the conference, he is sending the vice-president as his emissary.
3)Distress(adjective) ( संकट): dis-tress
Meaning – extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain.
Synonyms- anguish, suffering, pain, agony, ache
Antonyms- happiness, comfort
Example - Citizens voiced their distress over delays in fixing the problem.
4) Caveat (noun) ( चेतावनी): kav-at
Meaning – a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.
Synonyms-warning, caution, admonition, monition, red flag
Antonyms- carelessness, consonance, delinquency
Example - The caveat of the contract includes a penalty fee if the loan is not repaid on time.
5) Unflustered (adjective) ( शांत और आत्म-नियंत्रित): un-flus-tur-d
Meaning – not agitated; calm and self-controlled.
Synonyms- placid, unconcerned, unperturbed, unruffled, composed
Antonyms- anxious, disturbed
Example - The contented mind and unruffled spirit is the main reason behind her success in every task.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
6) Pitch in (phrasal verb) – ( अन्य लोगो के साथ शामिल होकर सहायता करना) :
Meaning – to join vigorously with other people in doing a job
Synonyms - help, assist, contribute, do one's bit, chip in, cooperate, collaborate
Antonyms - Hinder, impede, inhibit
Example - If we all pitch in, we can finish today.
7) Hearts and minds (भावनात्मक और बौद्धिक समर्थन या प्रतिबद्धता के संदर्भ में) :
Meaning – used in reference to emotional and intellectual support or commitment.
Example - The movie is critically acclaimed, but it remains to be seen whether it will capture the hearts and minds of the moviegoing public.
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1)Fiasco (noun) (असफलता): fi-as-ko
Meaning – a total disaster
Synonyms- blunder, flop, failure, debacle
Antonyms-accomplishment, achievement, success
Example - Because there was no food or music at the party, everyone said the event was a fiasco.
2)Parlance (noun) (बोल-चाल, शब्द बोलने का ढंग): par-lance
Meaning – a way of speaking that is typical of a certain group or culture
Synonyms- jargon, language, phraseology, the way of speaking, vernacular
Antonyms-common language
Example - When I heard the computer programmers talking about coding, I could not understand a word of their parlance.
3)Bona fide (adjective) (प्रामाणिक): bona-fide
Meaning – genuine; real.
Synonyms- authentic, genuine, real, true, actual, sterling
Antonyms-corrupt, doubtful, implausible, false
Example - Make sure you are dealing with a bona fide company which is registered as per the norms.
4)Delinquent (adjective) (क़सूरवार): delin-quent
Meaning – (typically of a young person) tending to commit crime, particularly minor crime/failing in one's duty.
Synonyms- lawless, lawbreaking, offending, careless
Antonyms- well behaved, conformist
Example - Most delinquent children have deprived backgrounds.
5)Tangle (noun) (उलझन): tan-gal
Meaning – to become mixed together or intertwined
Synonyms- mess, complicated, twist, muddle, confused
Antonyms-organized, simple
Example - Environmentalists argue against the manufacturing of plastic due to the fact that marine life often tangles with the plastic trash in the ocean.
6)Unleash (verb) (खोल देना): un-leash
Meaning – to set free from a restraint
Synonyms- set free, discharge, let loose, release
Antonyms- hold, keep, restrain
Example - After I went to unleash the dog who had been chained to his cage for years, the dog attacked the first person it saw and ran away.
7)Knee-jerk (adjective) (एक त्वरित प्रतिक्रिया): knee-jurk
Meaning – (of a response) automatic and unthinking/a quick reaction that does not allow you time to consider something carefully
Synonyms- unplanned, sudden, unintentional, unthinking, automatic
Antonyms- intentional, considered
Example - This announcement seems to be more of a knee-jerk reaction than a considered response to a terrible problem.’
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
8)In cahoots (phrase) (मिलीभगत से):
Meaning – In close, often secretive or conspiratorial cooperation with someone.
Synonyms- unified, affiliated, collaborating (secretly), conspiring
Antonyms- uncoordinated, seperate
Example - It turned out that the business tycoon was in cahoots with local law enforcement to have the investigation dropped.
9)Rely on (phrasal verb) (भरोसा करना):
Meaning – to depend on someone or something; to trust in someone or something
Synonyms- depend on, count on, bank on
Antonyms- disbelieve, disregard, neglect
Example - We can't rely on this old car to go on the trip to Himachal Pradesh.
10)Come to light (phrase) (प्रकट होना):
Meaning – To be revealed or exposed
Synonyms- reveal, disclose, expose, uncover.
Antonyms- hush up, keep secret, remain secret, remain hidden
Example -Discrepancies in the yearly budget report only came to light after the auditors began analyzing it
*Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu*
1) Exude (verb) (टपकाना, दिखाना ): ex-ud
Meaning – (of a person) to display (an emotion or quality) strongly and openly./(with reference to moisture or a smell) discharge or be discharged slowly and steadily.
Synonyms- emanate, emanate, radiate, ooze, discharge
Antonyms- absorb, take up
Example - After accomplishing so much, he was able to exude an extreme confidence.
2) Shattering (adjective) (चूर-चूर होना, विक्षुब्ध कर देने वाला ): shater-ing
Meaning – very shocking or upsetting.
Synonyms- devastate, shock, stun, daze, dumbfound, traumatize
Antonyms- please, excite
Example - The news of Sridevi's death came as a shattering blow.
3) Acclaim (noun) (वाहवाही होना ): acc-lame
Meaning – public praise and applause
Synonyms- praise, applause, admiration.
Antonyms- criticize, denounce, condemn, arraign, attack, lambaste
Example - Since her last movie, the amazing actress has won national acclaim and several Hollywood roles.
4) Invoke (verb) (आह्वान): in-voke
Meaning – to request aid, usually from a deity
Synonyms- cite, refer to, adduce.
Antonyms- relinquish, renounce, give up, abandon, reject, surrender, yield
Example - The celebrity will invoke assistance from the police to keep stalkers away from his property.
5) Endeavour(verb)(प्रयास): en-deav-our
Meaning – try hard to do or achieve something
Synonyms- attempt, try, effort.
Antonyms- idleness, inactivity, passivity
Example - They endeavoured to create a government that truly serves its people.
6) Ivory tower (noun)(पृथक्करण की स्थिति ): e-vory-tou-er
Meaning – a state of privileged seclusion or separation from the facts and practicalities of the real world.
Synonyms- solitude, isolation, theoretical
Example - It's all very well as a large company sitting in your ivory tower but if you have two months with no sales you are in trouble.
*Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs in the article -*
7) Hold back (phrasal verb) (रोकना):
Meaning – to stop someone or something from moving forwards
Synonyms- hinder, obstruct, inhibit.
Antonyms- assist, encourage, promote
Example - Long-term water shortages can hold economic development back.
8) Come up with (phrasal verb) (प्रस्तुत करना):
Meaning – to think of something such as an idea or a plan
Synonyms- propose, suggest, present.
Antonyms-
Example - Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.
9)Let alone (phrase) (उल्लेख नहीं करना):
Meaning –used to indicate that something is far less likely or suitable than something else already mentioned/ not to mention or think of someone or something; not even to take someone or something into account.
Synonyms-not to mention
Example - I didn't invite John, let alone the rest of his family.
10)Grapple with (phrasal verb) (निपटना):
Meaning – to try hard to understand a difficult idea or to solve a difficult problem
Synonyms- challenge, confront, deal with, endure
Antonyms- aid, assist, avoid, neglect
Example - The government continued to grapple withthe issue of public transport.
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